Frontogenesis is the fluid-dynamical processes that rapidly sharpen horizontal density gradients and their associated horizontal velocity shears. It is a positive feedback process where the ageostrophic, overturning secondary circulation in the cross-front plane accelerates the frontal sharpening until an arrest occurs through frontal instability and other forms of turbulent mixing. Several well-known types of oceanic frontal phenomena are surveyed, their impacts on oceanic system functioning are assessed, and future research is envisioned.

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