The natural environments in which infants and children learn speech and language are noisy and multimodal. Adults rely on the multimodal nature of speech to compensate for noisy environments during speech communication. Multiple mechanisms underlie mature audiovisual benefit to speech perception, including reduced uncertainty as to when auditory speech will occur, use of correlations between the amplitude envelope of auditory and visual signals in fluent speech, and use of visual phonetic knowledge for lexical access. This paper reviews evidence regarding infants’ and children’s use of temporal and phonetic mechanisms in audiovisual speech perception benefit. The ability to use temporal cues for audiovisual speech perception benefit emerges in infancy. Although infants are sensitive to the correspondence between auditory and visual phonetic cues, the ability to use this correspondence for audiovisual benefit may not emerge until age four. A more cohesive account of the development of audiovisual speech perception may follow from a more thorough understanding of the development of sensitivity to and use of various temporal and phonetic cues.

中文翻译：

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视听语音感知益处背后机制的发展


婴儿和儿童学习言语和语言的自然环境是嘈杂且多模式的。成年人在语音交流过程中依靠语音的多模态性质来补偿噪声环境。成熟的视听有益于语音感知的机制有多种，包括减少听觉语音何时发生的不确定性、使用流利语音中听觉和视觉信号的幅度包络之间的相关性，以及使用视觉语音知识进行词汇访问。本文回顾了有关婴儿和儿童使用时间和语音机制对视听言语感知有益的证据。使用时间线索来获得视听语音感知益处的能力在婴儿期就出现了。尽管婴儿对听觉和视觉语音提示之间的对应关系很敏感，但利用这种对应关系获得视听益处的能力可能要到四岁时才会出现。对视听语音感知发展的更有凝聚力的解释可能源于对各种时间和语音线索的敏感性发展和使用的更彻底的理解。