The ability of Streptococcus mutans to adhere to oral surfaces and form biofilm is a key step in the tooth decay process. The aim of this study was to investigate a berry (wild blueberry, cranberry, and strawberry) polyphenolic fraction, commercialized as Orophenol^®, for its antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and anti-adhesion properties on S. mutans. Moreover, the biocompatibility of the fraction with human oral epithelial cells was assessed. Phenolic acids, flavonoids (flavonols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols), and procyanidins made up 10.71%, 19.76%, and 5.29% of the berry polyphenolic fraction, respectively, as determined by chromatography and mass spectrometry. The berry polyphenolic preparation dose-dependently inhibited S. mutans biofilm formation while not reducing bacterial growth. At concentrations ranging from 250 to 1000 µg/mL, the fraction inhibited the adhesion of S. mutans to both saliva-coated hydroxyapatite and saliva-coated nickel–chrome alloy. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that incubating S. mutans with the berry polyphenolic fraction was associated with a reduced expression of luxS gene, which regulates quorum sensing in S. mutans. The berry fraction did not show any significant cytotoxicity in an oral epithelial cell model. In conclusion, Orophenol^®, which is a mixture of polyphenols from wild blueberry, cranberry and strawberry, possesses interesting anti-caries properties while being compatible with oral epithelial cells.

中文翻译：

---

浆果多酚组分对变形链球菌生物膜形成，粘附特性和基因表达的影响及其与口腔上皮细胞的生物相容性

的能力变形链球菌粘附到口腔表面上并形成生物膜是在龋齿过程中的关键步骤。本研究的目的是调查浆果（蓝莓野生，酸果蔓，草莓）多酚级分，商品化为Orophenol ^®，对于其抗菌，抗生物膜和抗粘附特性上变形链球菌。此外，评估了该级分与人口腔上皮细胞的生物相容性。通过色谱法和质谱法测定，酚酸，类黄酮（黄酮醇，花色苷，黄烷-3-醇）和原花青素分别占浆果多酚级分的10.71％，19.76％和5.29％。浆果多酚制剂剂量依赖性抑制变形链球菌生物膜形成，同时不减少细菌生长。在250至1000 µg / mL的浓度范围内，该成分可抑制变形链球菌对唾液包覆的羟基磷灰石和唾液包覆的镍铬合金的粘附。定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）分析表明，将变形链球菌与浆果多酚部分一起孵育与luxS基因的表达降低有关，该基因调节变形链球菌的群体感应。浆果部分在口腔上皮细胞模型中未显示任何明显的细胞毒性。总之，Orophenol ^®它是野生蓝莓，蔓越莓和草莓中多酚的混合物，在与口腔上皮细胞相容的同时具有有趣的抗龋齿性能。