Abstract

This study examined the effects of focus of attention (FOA) instructions on learning a dart throwing task, quiet eye duration (QED) and pupillary responses. Thirty-six novices (M age = 33.6, SD = 19.7) learned using either (a) internal-focus (arm movement), (b) external-focus (target/dart) or (c) control instructions before completing retention and transfer tests 10 days later. FOA strategies did not significantly benefit dart throwing learning or performance. QED was associated with performance in the transfer task, and pupillary constriction occurred during the QED. The content of FOA instructions may have limited anticipated performance benefits and reduced the FOA influence on QED. Pupillary constriction reflected increased cognitive effort during QED, suggesting an important feature of future precision aiming research.

摘要

这项研究检查了注意力集中 (FOA) 指令对学习投掷任务、静眼持续时间 (QED) 和瞳孔反应的影响。36 名新手（M 年龄 = 33.6，SD = 19.7）在完成保留和转移之前使用（a）内部焦点（手臂运动），（b）外部焦点（目标/飞镖）或（c）控制指令学习10天后测试。FOA 策略对飞镖学习或表现没有显着益处。QED 与转移任务中的表现相关，并且在 QED 期间发生瞳孔收缩。FOA 指令的内容可能限制了预期的性能优势，并减少了 FOA 对 QED 的影响。瞳孔收缩反映了 QED 期间认知努力的增加，表明未来精确瞄准研究的一个重要特征。