Under water‐unsaturated conditions, environmental factors (e.g., substrate, nutrients, O₂, water activity, and porous structure) controlling microbial activity are highly variable in space and time. The physical structure of porous media (pore size distribution and pore arrangements) has been considered to have a significant role in nutrient (either substrate and/or its reaction partners like O₂) fluxes. Understanding what eventually controls microbial activity thus requires a sound description of the physical and chemical conditions in the pore space down to the microscale, as well as knowledge on how microorganisms respond to the energy and matter fluxes in their microscale environment. Microscale modeling has the advantage to resolve the processes down to their fundamental level. In recent years, microscale models describing the physical setting in unsaturated porous media such as soils, as well as growth and functional performance of microorganisms, have become increasingly established and are supported by new experimental techniques resolving the distribution of solid, liquid, and gaseous phases at microscale resolution. Still, integration of these components for simulation of microbial activities in a soil system at the microscale is scarce. This mini‐review highlights the available approaches for pore‐scale modeling of flow and transport processes in both saturated and unsaturated porous media, and for modeling the dynamics of microbial activity constrained by different soil boundary conditions. Further, it is discussed what is required in terms of model development and improved modeling concepts to achieve a holistic reactive transport modeling approach describing microbial activity at the pore scale.

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微生物活动的孔隙度建模：我们拥有和需要的东西

在水不饱和条件下，控制微生物活性的环境因素（例如底物，养分，O ₂，水活度和多孔结构）在空间和时间上变化很大。多孔介质的物理结构（孔径分布和孔排列）已被认为对养分（底物和/或其反应伙伴如O _2）起着重要作用。）助焊剂。因此，要了解最终控制微生物活动的因素，就需要对直到微尺度的孔隙空间中的物理和化学条件进行合理的描述，并需要了解微生物如何在其微尺度环境中响应能量和物质通量。微观建模具有将流程分解到基本层次的优势。近年来，描述不饱和多孔介质（例如土壤）的物理环境以及微生物的生长和功能性能的微观模型已得到越来越多的建立，并得到解决固，液相和气相分布的新实验技术的支持。以微尺度分辨率。仍然，在微观规模上，这些组件的集成不足以模拟土壤系统中的微生物活动。这篇小型综述着重介绍了可用于饱和和不饱和多孔介质中流动和传输过程的孔尺度建模以及用于模拟受不同土壤边界条件约束的微生物活动动力学的可用方法。此外，讨论了在模型开发和改进的建模概念方面需要什么，以实现描述孔尺度微生物活性的整体反应性运输建模方法。