Fifty‐six piglets were weaned at 21 days and randomly assigned to 1 of 8 dietary treatments with 7 replicate pens for a 14‐day experimental period. The eight experimental diets were prepared via a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with citric acid (CA; 0 and 0.3%) and dietary electrolyte balance (dEB, Na +K − Cl mEq/kg of the diet; −50, 100, 250, and 400 mEq/kg). Varying dEB values were obtained by altering calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate contents. Dietary CA significantly increased (p < .05) villus height (VH) and villus height:crypt depth (VH:CD) in the jejunum. Piglets fed a 250 mEq/kg diet increased (p < .05) VH and VH:CD values in the duodenum. Jejunal VH and VH:CD increased (quadratic; p < .05), and ileal VH:CD (liner and quadratic; p < .05) decreased as dEB was increased in diets without CA, but no such effect was observed on the diets containing CA (dEB ×CA; p < .05). The CD in jejunum (quadratic; p < .05) increased as dEB was increased in diets containing CA, whereas it was decreased (linear; p < .05) in the diets without CA (dEB ×CA; p < .001). Dietary CA increased maltase activity and reduced the number of Ki67‐positive cells (p < .05). Increasing dEB values in diets without CA increased sucrose and lactase activities (quadratic; p < .05), but no such effect was observed in the diets with CA (dEB ×CA; p < .05). An interaction effect between dEB and CA on the number of Ki67‐positive cells was observed (p < .001). In conclusion, 250 mEq/kg dEB diet with CA improved piglet intestinal digestion and absorption function by improving intestinal morphology and increasing digestive enzyme activities. However, these improvements were also observed in piglets fed the 100 mEq/kg dEB diet without CA.

中文翻译：

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日粮电解质平衡和柠檬酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道组织形态、消化酶活性和营养转运蛋白表达的影响及相互作用

56 头仔猪在 21 天断奶，并随机分配到 8 个日粮处理中的 1 个，7 个重复栏，为期 14 天的实验期。八种实验日粮通过柠檬酸（CA；0 和 0.3%）和日粮电解质平衡（dEB，Na +K - Cl mEq/kg 日粮；-50, 100, 250, -50, 100, 250, -50, 100, 250,和 400 毫克当量/公斤）。通过改变氯化钙和碳酸氢钠含量获得不同的 dEB 值。膳食 CA 显着增加 ( p <  .05) 空肠绒毛高度 (VH) 和绒毛高度：隐窝深度 (VH:CD)。饲喂 250 mEq/kg 日粮的仔猪增加了 ( p <  .05) 十二指肠的 VH 和 VH:CD 值。空肠 VH 和 VH:CD 增加（二次；p  < .05），回肠 VH:CD（线性和二次；p < .05) 在不含 CA 的日粮中随着 dEB 的增加而降低，但在含 CA 的日粮中没有观察到这种影响 (dEB × CA; p <  .05)。空肠中的 CD（二次方；p  < .05）随着含有 CA 的日粮中 dEB 的增加而增加，而在不含 CA 的日粮中它降低（线性；p  < .05）（dEB × CA；p <  .001）。膳食 CA 增加了麦芽糖酶活性并减少了 Ki67 阳性细胞的数量 ( p  < .05)。在没有 CA 的日粮中增加 dEB 值会增加蔗糖和乳糖酶​​的活性（二次；p  < .05），但在有 CA 的日粮中没有观察到这种影响（dEB × CA；p < .05)。观察到 dEB 和 CA 对 Ki67 阳性细胞数量的交互作用 ( p <  .001)。总之，添加 CA 的 250 mEq/kg deEB 日粮通过改善肠道形态和增加消化酶活性来改善仔猪肠道消化吸收功能。然而，在饲喂不含 CA 的 100 mEq/kg dEB 日粮的仔猪中也观察到了这些改善。