Annual winter grasses are competitive weeds in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) due to their similar life cycle, root system, and morphology. Volunteer wheat is clearly a weed when infesting a crop of a different species. However, should substantial expense be invested in reducing volunteer wheat in a subsequent wheat crop? The effects of volunteer wheat in winter wheat were investigated in three fields of the inland Pacific Northwest (PNW) during 2015 and 2016. Volunteer wheat was found evenly distributed in fields harvested with a commercial combine with a chaff spreader. The ratio of volunteer to seeded wheat density was constant even in high productivity areas that had higher wheat densities. Volunteer head densities ranged from 13 to 28% of total heads with a high of 66% found in chaff rows (formed in fields harvested without a residue spreader). Volunteer wheat produced between 8 and 19% of total yield. The productivity per head of seeded wheat was higher than volunteer wheat and volunteer wheat reduced seeded wheat yield in all fields. The estimated total yield loss across fields was 10.8%. Volunteer wheat may cause less yield loss than other winter annual weeds because of its contribution to yield. However, a 10% yield loss is significant and practices to minimize volunteer wheat in wheat fields are recommended.

中文翻译：

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志愿小麦是否是年度冬小麦生产中的经济杂草？

一年生的冬草是冬小麦（Triticum aestivum）中的竞争性杂草。L.），因为它们的生命周期，根系和形态相似。当侵害不同物种的作物时，志愿小麦显然是一种杂草。但是，是否应投入大量费用来减少随后的小麦作物中的志愿小麦？在2015年至2016年期间，在西北太平洋内陆（PNW）的三个田间调查了志愿小麦对冬小麦的影响。发现志愿小麦均匀地分布在通过商业组合与谷壳撒布机收获的田间。甚至在小麦密度较高的高产区，志愿者对播种小麦密度的比率也是恒定的。志愿者的头部密度在总头部的13％到28％之间，而在谷壳行中（在没有残留撒布剂的情况下收获的田地中发现）的最高密度为66％。志愿小麦的产量占总产量的8％至19％。播种小麦的人均生产力高于志愿小麦，志愿小麦在所有田间都降低了播种小麦的产量。估计各田的总产量损失为10.8％。由于其对产量的贡献，志愿小麦与其他冬季一年生杂草相比，可能导致较少的单产损失。但是，单产降低10％是很重要的，因此建议尽量减少麦田中的志愿小麦。