Main purpose of this work is the identification of females of artificial sturgeon hybrids capable to produce unreduced oocytes. The importance of this task is due to the ability to receive clonal all‐female lines. Experiments were performed on the previously obtained reciprocal hybrids of sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus (S) with ~120 chromosomes and kaluga, Acipenser dauricus (K) with ~260 chromosomes. Karyotypes of backcross hybrids of (S × K) female (obtained by crossing sterlet female with kaluga male) and sterlet male included 180 – 190 chromosomes. This means that (S × K) female produced eggs with ~125 chromosomes and its karyotype consisted of ~250 chromosomes. This number was confirmed by a comparative analysis of erythrocyte size in this female and species with different ploidy. Karyotype with ~250 chromosomes can occur in (S x K) female only as a result of fertilization of a diploid sterlet egg (120 chromosomes) with kaluga haploid sperm (~130 chromosomes). Eggs of hybrid fertile (S × K) female, inseminated with inactivated sperm of Amur sturgeon and sterlet, developed into viable gynogenetic offspring, confirmed by the analysis of five microsatellite loci in this progeny, (S x K) female, and males used for UV‐inactivated sperm. These data allow us to propose a method for obtaining fertile females of sturgeon hybrids from species with different ploidy. For this, experimentally obtained diploidized eggs from diploid 120‐chromosome species must be fertilized by 250–270‐chromosome male. Karyotypes of backcross hybrids of (K × S) female (obtained by crossing kaluga female with sterlet male) and sterlet male included ~250 chromosomes and hybrids of this female with kaluga male had ~320 chromosomes. These results proved an ability of hybrid (K × S) female to produce unreduced eggs, resulting in triploid backcrosses. The absence of reduction during egg development is well known in clonal forms (species) of vertebrates, which are of hybrid origin, and in artificially created fish hybrids. However, this has not been reported previously for sturgeons. Insemination of eggs of (K × S) female with UV‐inactivated sperm of sterlet and Amur sturgeon led to offspring generation for which the genetic identity to their mother was proved using microsatellite analysis. That is, clonal inheritance was observed. These results suggest the possibility of developing a technology to produce all‐female offspring. Artificial production of clonal lines in hybrid vertebrates can be also considered as experimental reproduction of the first stages of reticular speciation in nature.

中文翻译：

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从不同倍性水平的物种（Acipenser ruthenus和A. dauricus）获得的of鱼杂种的雌性育性及其克隆

这项工作的主要目的是鉴定能够产生未还原卵母细胞的人工st鱼杂种的雌性。这项任务的重要性在于能够接收所有女性克隆系。实验是对先前获得的约120条染色体的小号，鲁氏A（Acipenser ruthenus（S））和黑cip（Acipenser dauricus）的反向杂交进行的（K）具有〜260条染色体。（S×K）雌性的回交杂种的核型（通过将雄性雄性与卡卢加雄性杂交）和雄性雄性包括180 – 190条染色体。这意味着（S×K）雌性产生的卵具有〜125个染色体，其核型由〜250个染色体组成。通过对该雌性和具有不同倍性的物种的红细胞大小进行比较分析，证实了该数目。大约250个染色体的核型只能在（S x K）雌性中发生，这是因为二倍体的let卵（120个染色体）与卡卢加单倍体精子（〜130个染色体）受精的结果。杂种可育（S×K）雌性卵，经灭活的阿穆尔st（Amur）and和sterster精子授精，发育成可行的雌性生殖代后代，这一卵由（S x K）雌性的五个微卫星基因座的分析所证实，和雄性用于紫外线灭活的精子。这些数据使我们提出了一种从具有不同倍性的物种中获得st鱼杂种的可育雌性的方法。为此，必须从250-270-染色体雄性受精实验获得的来自二倍体120-染色体物种的二倍体卵。（K×S）雌性的回交杂种的核型（通过将kaluga雌性与sterlet雄性杂交获得）和sterlet雄性包含〜250染色体，并且该雌性与kaluga雄性的杂种具有〜320染色体。这些结果证明了杂种（K×S）雌性产生未减数卵的能力，从而导致三倍体回交。众所周知，在卵的发育过程中减少没有减少，是在脊椎动物的克隆形式（物种）中，它们是杂种起源的，在人工创造的鱼杂种中也是如此。然而，以前没有previously鱼的报道。用（K×S）雌性卵用紫外线灭活的和阿穆尔st鱼精子进行授精后代，通过微卫星分析证明了其后代的遗传特性。即，观察到克隆遗传。这些结果表明，有可能开发出一种生产全雌性后代的技术。在杂交脊椎动物中人工生产无性系也可以被认为是自然中网状物种形成的第一阶段的实验性繁殖。这些结果表明，有可能开发出一种生产全雌性后代的技术。在杂交脊椎动物中人工生产无性系也可以被认为是自然中网状物种形成的第一阶段的实验性繁殖。这些结果表明，有可能开发出一种生产全雌性后代的技术。在杂交脊椎动物中人工生产无性系也可以被认为是自然中网状物种形成的第一阶段的实验性繁殖。