Bio-waste valorization to generate carbon-based solid acid catalysts for biodiesel production from the low-grade, highly acidic feedstocks has been a research hot spot over the last decade. In this study, an abundant bio-waste from the household kitchens, restaurants, and food processing industries, potato peel (PP), was adopted as a raw material for the production of a solid acid catalyst (SO₃H-PPAC). Firstly, PP was mixed with ZnCl₂ and activated at 450 °C for 1 h to obtain a porous carbon material (PPAC), which was subsequently sulfonated via concentrated sulfuric acid treatment. Various physicochemical techniques, such as XRD, $N_2$ physisorption measurements, FTIR spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), were used to study the structural properties of the prepared materials. The catalytic behavior of the catalyst was tested in the acid-catalyzed esterification of oleic acid with methanol for biodiesel production. The combination of the high surface area of 827.7 m²/g and high concentration of acidic active sites of 1.6 mmol/g led to a high oleic acid conversion efficiency of 97.2% at 5 wt.% SO₃H-PPAC, methanol/oleic acid molar ratio of 12:1 at 80 °C after 2.5 h. Moreover, the kinetic results unveiled that the esterification reaction obeyed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, with an activation energy of 32.9 kJ/mol. Importantly, SO₃H-PPAC has satisfying recyclable features and could maintain $\sim$70 % of its initial catalytic performance in the 5^th catalytic run.

在过去十年中，利用生物废料进行增值以从低品位，高酸性原料生产用于生物柴油生产的碳基固体酸催化剂一直是研究的热点。在这项研究中，采用了来自家用厨房，餐馆和食品加工业的大量生物废物马铃薯皮（PP）作为生产固体酸催化剂（SO ₃ H-PPAC）的原料。首先，将PP与ZnCl ₂混合，并在450°C下活化1 h，以获得多孔碳材料（PPAC），随后将其通过浓硫酸处理进行磺化。各种物理化学技术，例如XRD，${ñ}_2$物理吸附测量，FTIR光谱和高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HR-TEM）用于研究所制备材料的结构性能。在用于生物柴油生产的油酸与甲醇的酸催化酯化中测试了催化剂的催化行为。827.7 m ² / g的高表面积和1.6 mmol / g的高浓度酸性活性位点的结合导致在5 wt。％SO ₃ H-PPAC，甲醇/油酸下的高油酸转化效率达到97.2％2.5 h后，在80°C下酸的摩尔比为12：1。此外，动力学结果表明，酯化反应服从拟一级动力学模型，活化能为32.9 kJ / mol。重要的是，SO ₃H-PPAC具有令人满意的可回收特性，并且可以维护 $〜$在第五^次催化运行中，其初始催化性能的70％。