This article aims to identify the socioeconomic vulnerability of establishments located on the Northeast coast of Brazil, affected by the most extensive oil spill (2019/2020) ever recorded in tropical oceans. To this end, we used secondary data to map locations soiled with oil and search for a concentration of commercial establishments and other institutions located close to these territories. From this information, we built a vulnerability indicator, with three segments: enterprises or institutions related or not to the Ocean Economy, their levels of proximity to oil stains, and persistence, in days, of pollution on the coast. In all, we mapped 53,472 establishments. As for the main research findings, mapping showed the two most vulnerable sectors - accommodation services and the food sector, which are essential for the functioning of the tourism production chain and the food security. Yet, the measurement of the vulnerability index disclosed a wide variation in the indices among states in the same region, related to coastal extension, ineffective strategic actions to fight stains, dependence on an economy strongly focused on the exploitation of coastal resources, or by social factors deficiencies.

本文旨在确定位于巴西东北海岸的企业的社会经济脆弱性，受热带海洋有史以来最广泛的漏油事件（2019/2020）的影响。为此，我们使用了辅助数据来绘制被油污污染的地点的地图，并寻找靠近这些地区的商业机构和其他机构的集中地。根据这些信息，我们建立了一个脆弱性指标，包括三个部分：与海洋经济相关或不相关的企业或机构，它们与油污的接近程度以及持续几天的海岸污染。我们总共映射了53,472个场所。至于主要的研究结果，测绘显示了两个最脆弱的领域-住宿服务和食品领域，这些对旅游业生产链的运作和粮食安全至关重要。然而，对脆弱性指数的衡量显示，同一地区各州之间的指数差异很大，涉及沿海扩张，对抗污点的无效战略行动，对经济的依赖（强烈侧重于开发沿海资源或依靠社会）因素不足。