As a result of intensive anthropogenic activities, population growth and unplanned urbanization, enormous quantities of organic and inorganic pollutants are discharged into the environment every year. The primary hazardous substances of concern regarding their environmental load and health effects are heavy metals. Heavy metal pollution of aquatic ecosystems, including resources of drinking water and water intended for food processing, has been of increasing interest. Biosorption technology is a promising strategy, as it utilizes industrial or agricultural wastes to remove metals from aqueous media passively, and they represent efficient, cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional adsorbents such as activated carbon. In this paper, the efficiency of biosorption of copper and chromium ions was examined using different agricultural waste biomass – sugar beet shreds, poplar sawdust and wheat straw. The possibility of applying a parallel sigmoidal (PS) model to describe the biosorption process was investigated to confirm its applicability to different types of biomass and various kinds of heavy metal ions. The results showed that the biosorption of copper ions using poplar sawdust and wheat straw consist of two steps. The moiety of one step in the overall process, defined by the parameter p, was determined to be 0.85 for poplar sawdust and 0.86 for wheat straw. These values, being less than 1, clearly indicate that the process consists of two simultaneous, kinetically different steps that shift in their dominance over the process and thus could be successfully modelled by the PS model. These studies also deal with the phenomenological examination of an unusual breakthrough curve obtained for the chromium ions biosorption by sugar beet shreds, by the comparative view of the process flow and changing the pH of the effluent. The clarification of the appearance of a double curve with a negative trend in one part allows adjusting the biosorption conditions to avoid the initial blockage of chromium ion binding to the adsorbent and thus increase the adsorption process efficiency.

由于人类活动的密集，人口的增长和计划外的城市化，每年都有大量的有机和无机污染物排放到环境中。与环境负荷和健康影响有关的主要危险物质是重金属。水生生态系统的重金属污染，包括饮用水资源和拟用于食品加工的水，已引起越来越多的关注。生物吸附技术是一种有前途的策略，因为它利用工业或农业废料被动地从水性介质中去除金属，并且它们代表了传统吸附剂（例如活性炭）的高效，低成本和环保的替代品。在本文中，使用不同的农业废弃物生物量（甜菜丝，杨木屑和麦草）检查了铜和铬离子的生物吸附效率。研究了应用平行乙状结肠（PS）模型描述生物吸附过程的可能性，以确认其对不同类型的生物质和各种重金属离子的适用性。结果表明，杨木屑和麦草对铜离子的生物吸附过程分为两个步骤。整个过程中某一步骤的部分，由参数定义 结果表明，杨木屑和麦草对铜离子的生物吸附过程分为两个步骤。整个过程中某一步骤的部分，由参数定义 结果表明，杨木屑和麦草对铜离子的生物吸附过程分为两个步骤。整个过程中某一步骤的部分，由参数定义p，对于杨木屑而言为0.85，对于小麦秸秆而言为0.86。这些小于1的值清楚地表明该过程由两个同时发生的动力学上不同的步骤组成，这些步骤在过程中的主导地位发生了变化，因此可以通过PS模型成功建模。这些研究还通过对工艺流程和流出物pH值的比较研究，对通过甜菜切丝生物吸附铬离子获得的异常突破曲线的现象学检查进行了研究。澄清一条具有负趋势的双曲线的外观，可以调整生物吸附条件，从而避免铬离子与吸附剂结合的最初阻塞，从而提高了吸附过程的效率。