Flooding and drought are the most damaging abiotic stresses affecting maize production in the United States. To combat these stresses, subsurface tile drainage systems were used in conjunction with water-level control structures for subirrigation of claypan soils. The objective of this research was to develop an understanding of climate and drain tile spacing on maize plant population, grain moisture, grain yield, and grain quality measured from drainage only (DO, tile spacing 6.1 and 12.2 m), drainage and subirrigation (DSI, tile spacing 6.1 and 12.2 m), non-drained delayed planting (DP), and non-drained (ND) treatments in a 17 year (2002–2018) experiment. Production data were classified into normal, wet, and dry years based on precipitation received during the 2nd quarter (Q2, Apr. to Jun.) and 3rd quarter (Q3, Jul. to Sep.). There was not a single year in 17-yr of research that received normal precipitation in Q2 and Q3 (314 ± 43 and 288 ± 34 mm) compared to 29-yr historical precipitation data. Data were collected at 3.1 m intervals above and between the 6.1 and 12.2 m tile lines and compared among drainage treatments and weather classifications (WC). A yield increase of 20–32% (2.6 to 3.9 Mg ha⁻¹) with DSI above the tile compared to DP and ND treatments when data were averaged over WC. In years classified as dry-dry, yields above the DSI tiles were >60 % compared to DP and ND. Grain yield was highest for years that had less than average precipitation during Q2 classified (dry) followed by a normal or wet Q3 period. Grain yield variability among WC was between 10.8 to 16.2 Mg ha⁻¹ for DSI-6.1 and -12.2 above the tile whereas it was between 2.9 to 15.1 Mg ha⁻¹ for ND. Grain yield variability generally decreased from a dry to a normal year. Long-term yield data indicated that narrower drain tile spacings with subirrigation reduce grain yield variability in dry and wet environments; however, the cost-effectiveness of these systems needs to be determined.

洪水和干旱是影响美国玉米生产的最具破坏力的非生物胁迫。为了克服这些压力，地下排水系统与水位控制结构一起用于粘土盆土壤的灌溉。这项研究的目的是了解气候和排水瓷砖间距对玉米植物种群，谷物水分，谷物产量和仅通过排水（DO，瓷砖间距6.1和12.2 m），排水和次灌水（DSI）测量的谷物质量的了解，瓷砖间距6.1和12.2 m），不排水延迟播种（DP）和不排水（ND）处理，历时17年（2002-2018）。根据第二季度（4月至6月的第二季度）和第三季度（7月至9月的第三季度）收到的降水量，将生产数据分为正常年份，湿润年份和干燥年份。与29年的历史降水数据相比，在17年的研究中，没有哪一年的Q2和Q3降水量正常（314±43和288±34 mm）。在6.1和12.2 m瓷砖线以上以及之间3.1 m的间隔处收集数据，并在排水处理和天气分类（WC）之间进行比较。产量增加20–32％（2.6至3.9 Mg公顷^-1），将数据在WC上平均时，与DP和ND处理相比，DSI在图块上方。在被归类为干干的年份中，与DP和ND相比，DSI砖以上的产率大于60％。连续第二季（干季）和第二季（正常或湿季）期间，降水量低于平均水平的年份最高。WC之间籽粒产量变异为10.8之间，以16.2镁公顷^-1为DSI-6.1和-12.2瓦片而这是至15.1镁公顷2.9之间上面^-1为ND。粮食单产的变异性通常从干旱年份降至正常年份。长期单产数据表明，在灌水和灌溉的情况下，较窄的排水瓦间距减少了谷物产量的变化；但是，需要确定这些系统的成本效益。