A circadian clock may underlie pesticide resistance mechanisms in organisms that are very important for humans, for example, in the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Using the gas chromatography, we evaluated the daily variability in the λ-cyhalothrin degradation rate in bodies of guards and forager bees, Apis mellifera. Additionally, using the RT-qPCR method, we studied expression levels of selected cytochrome P450 genes after exposure to λ-cyhalothrin. During 48-h-tests, we exposed bees to λ-cyhalothrin at four crucial times of the day: at 04:30 a.m., 11:30 a.m., 06:30 p.m., and 11:30 p.m. The results obtained indicate that in bees the intensity of the λ-cyhalothrin degradation is the highest during first 6 h after intoxication, when it disappeared at the rate of 14.29% h⁻¹, 11.43% h⁻¹, 13.15% h⁻¹, and 12.50% h⁻¹ in bees treated at noon, sunset, midnight, and sunrise, respectively. In the later period (6–48 h of the experiment), the degradation stopped and its rate did not exceed 1.0% h⁻¹. In the control group of bees we demonstrated that the increase in the Cyp9Q1 and Cyp9Q3 expression was the highest during the experiments started at 04:30 a.m., while the highest elevation in the Cyp9Q2 expression was observed in the group for which the experiments started at 11:30 p.m.In intoxicated honey bees, the highest increase in the Cyp9Q1 expression occurred in the group treated with the pesticide at 11:30 a.m. In the case of genes encoding Cyp9Q2 and Cyp9Q3, the highest rise in the expression took place at 06:30 p.m.The obtained results indicate that honey bees activate detoxifying mechanisms partly protecting them against the effects of hazardous substances absorbed from the environment more efficiently during foraging than at other times of the day.

在对人类非常重要的生物中，例如蜜蜂（Apis mellifera），生物钟的抗药性机制可能是昼夜节律。使用气相色谱，我们评估了守卫和觅食蜂Apis mellifera体内λ-氯氟氰菊酯降解率的每日变化。此外，使用RT-qPCR方法，我们研究了暴露于λ氟氰菊酯后所选细胞色素P450基因的表达水平。在48小时的测试中，我们在一天中的四个关键时间将蜜蜂暴露于λ-氟氯氰菊酯中：在04:30 am，11：30 am，06：30 pm和11:30 pm。获得的结果表明，在蜜蜂中λ-氯氟氰菊酯降解的强度在中毒后的前6 h最高，而消失的速率为14.29％h ^-1，11.43％H ^-1，13.15％H ^-1，和12.50％H ^-1在中午，日落，午夜，日出，分别处理的蜜蜂。在后期（实验6–48小时），降解停止，其降解速率不超过1.0％h ^-1。在蜜蜂的对照组中，我们证明了Cyp9Q1和Cyp9Q3表达的增加在上午4:30开始的实验期间最高，而在实验开始于11点的组中，Cyp9Q2的表达最高。下午30:30在陶醉的蜜蜂中，用农药处理的组中的Cyp9Q1表达最高发生在上午11:30。对于编码Cyp9Q2和Cyp9Q3的基因而言，表达最高发生在06:30 pm。获得的结果表明，蜜蜂在觅食期间比一天中的其他时间更有效地激活了排毒机制，部分保护了它们免受环境吸收的有害物质的影响。