Much attention has been paid to a newly discovered subset of memory T (T_M) cells—stem cell-like memory T (T_SCM) cells for their high self-renewal ability, multi-differentiation potential and long-term effector function in adoptive therapy against tumors. Despite their application in cancer therapy, an excess of T_SCM cells also contributes to the persistence of autoimmune diseases for their immune memory and HIV infection as a long-lived HIV reservoir. Signaling pathways Wnt, AMPK/mTOR and NF-κB are key determinants for T_M cell generation, maintenance and proinflammatory effect. In this review, we focus on the phenotypic and functional characteristics of T_SCM cells and discuss their role in autoimmune diseases and HIV-1 chronic infection. Also, we explore the potential mechanism and signaling pathways involved in immune memory and look into the future therapy strategies of targeting long-lived T_M cells to suppress pathogenic immune memory.

由于新发现的记忆T（T _M）细胞子集具有高的自我更新能力，多分化潜能和长期的效应器功能，因此引起了人们的广泛关注，它们是干细胞样记忆T（T _SCM）细胞。肿瘤治疗。尽管它们在癌症治疗中得到了应用，但过量的T _SCM细胞也因自身的免疫记忆和HIV感染而导致自身免疫性疾病的持续存在，这是一个长期存在的HIV储存库。Wnt，AMPK / mTOR和NF-κB信号通路是T _M细胞生成，维持和促炎作用的关键决定因素。在这篇综述中，我们着重于T _SCM的表型和功能特征并讨论它们在自身免疫性疾病和HIV-1慢性感染中的作用。此外，我们探索了涉及免疫记忆的潜在机制和信号传导途径，并探讨了靶向长寿命T _M细胞抑制病原性免疫记忆的未来治疗策略。