Blasting with the aim to reduce oversize boulders in underground has many hurdles due to limited accessibilities and poor site conditions. Optimized drilling and blasting parameters can help to achieve this objective. The major challenges of the blast designers lie within deciding blast geometry, namely drill hole diameter, burden, and spacing. The general approaches covered worldwide to determine burden-spacing are based on various rules of thumb, which are based on previous experiences of blasts and the associated outcomes. However, many parameters influencing optimum burden-spacing to achieve desired fragment size are site specific. Sometimes drill geometry is decided based on associated blasting hazards rather than rock fragmentation. The Kuz–Ram model is a worldwide accepted rock fragmentation predictor. The parameters associated with this predictor also include burden-spacing for a blast. Back calculation of burden-spacing from the Kuz–Ram model can be used to achieve desired fragment size. This paper deals with burden-spacing determination by using an empirical approach for the underground stope ring blasting.

中文翻译：

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基于经验方法的地下爆破装药系数和尺寸参数估计

以减少地下超大巨石为目的的爆破由于可达性有限和现场条件差而面临许多障碍。优化的钻孔和爆破参数有助于实现这一目标。爆破设计者的主要挑战在于确定爆破几何形状，即钻孔直径、载荷和间距。世界范围内确定负担间隔的一般方法基于各种经验法则，这些法则基于先前的爆炸经验和相关结果。然而，影响最佳负载间隔以实现所需片段大小的许多参数是特定于站点的。有时，钻头几何形状是根据相关的爆破危险而不是岩石碎裂来确定的。Kuz-Ram 模型是全球公认的岩石破碎预测器。与该预测器相关的参数还包括爆炸的负荷间距。来自 Kuz-Ram 模型的负载间距的反向计算可用于实现所需的碎片大小。本文通过对地下采场环爆破使用经验方法来确定堆料间距。