This article is the first to apply wire-feed electron beam additive manufacturing in vacuum to fabricate a part from a complex nickel-based superalloy with directional structure on a stainless steel substrate. It is shown that the determining factor for the formation of parts with directional structure is the local metallurgy conditions implemented in electron beam additive manufacturing. These conditions are the magnitude and direction of the temperature gradient as well as the geometry (shape) of the solidification front in the molten pool. The substrate effect (both chemical and structural) on the composition and structure of the part material is cancelled out at a distance not exceeding 8.0 mm from the substrate. Thus, the proposed 3D printing method is quite acceptable for the manufacturing of parts from heat-resistant nickel alloys with directional structure on substrates made of less expensive materials.

本文是第一篇在真空中应用送丝电子束增材制造技术，以在不锈钢基板上由具有定向结构的复杂镍基高温合金制造零件的方法。结果表明，形成定向结构零件的决定因素是电子束增材制造中所采用的局部冶金条件。这些条件是温度梯度的大小和方向以及熔池中凝固前沿的几何形状（形状）。在距基材不超过8.0毫米的距离处消除了基材对零件材料的成分和结构的影响（化学和结构影响）。从而，