The CONSTANS ( CO ) and CONSTANS - like ( COL ) genes have an important role in the regulation of flowering in photoperiod-sensitive plants. However, information on the molecular characterization of COL genes in Curcuma alismatifolia is very limited. The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate 8 COL homologs ( CaCOLs ) in the C. alismatifolia transcriptome. Their structures, phylogenetic relationships and expressing patterns under short-day (SD) and long-day (LD) contexts were investigated. Our results showed that CaCOLs were classified into three groups: CaCOL3 and CaCOL6 in group I were the most CO - like genes; CaCOL7 and CaCOL8 in group II contains only one B-box; CaCOL1 to 2 and CaCOL4 to 5 formed the group III. Phylogenetic analysis of the CaCOLs in Arabidopsis, Rice, Barley, Malaccensis and C. alismatifolia demonstrated that both the B-box and CCT domains were conserved in dicot and monocot plants, but different groups of COL genes evolved independently. Different patterns of mRNA accumulation in C. alismatifolia leaves in response to SD and LD treatments were observed. CaCOL1 , CaCOL2 , CaCOL4 and CaCOL7 showed significantly higher expressions in LD treatment than that of SD, indicating that they were potential flowering inducers, and are candidate genes for research in flowering regulation and circadian controlling in C. alismatifolia plants. Altogether, our study facilitates successful regulation of flowering in Curcuma species and provides insights for future molecular breeding programs.

中文翻译：

---

姜黄类CONSTANS基因的鉴定与表征

CONSTANS (CO) 和 CONSTANS-like (COL) 基因在光周期敏感植物的开花调控中具有重要作用。然而，关于姜黄中 COL 基因的分子特征的信息非常有限。本研究的目的是鉴定和评估 alismatifolia 转录组中的 8 个 COL 同源物 (CaCOL)。研究了它们在短日照 (SD) 和长日照 (LD) 环境下的结构、系统发育关系和表达模式。我们的结果表明，CaCOLs 分为三组：I 组中的 CaCOL3 和 CaCOL6 是最类似 CO 的基因；组II中的CaCOL7和CaCOL8仅含有一个B-box；CaCOL1 至 2 和 CaCOL4 至 5 形成组 III。拟南芥、水稻、大麦、马六甲和 C. CaCOLs 的系统发育分析。alismatifolia 证明 B-box 和 CCT 结构域在双子叶植物和单子叶植物中都是保守的，但不同组的 COL 基因独立进化。观察到响应 SD 和 LD 处理的泽泻叶中 mRNA 积累的不同模式。CaCOL1、CaCOL2、CaCOL4和CaCOL7在LD处理中的表达显着高于SD处理，表明它们是潜在的开花诱导剂，是泽兰植物开花调控和昼夜节律调控研究的候选基因。总之，我们的研究促进了姜黄物种开花的成功调控，并为未来的分子育种计划提供了见解。观察到响应 SD 和 LD 处理的泽泻叶中 mRNA 积累的不同模式。CaCOL1、CaCOL2、CaCOL4和CaCOL7在LD处理中的表达显着高于SD处理，表明它们是潜在的开花诱导剂，是泽兰植物开花调控和昼夜节律调控研究的候选基因。总之，我们的研究促进了姜黄物种开花的成功调控，并为未来的分子育种计划提供了见解。观察到响应 SD 和 LD 处理的泽泻叶中 mRNA 积累的不同模式。CaCOL1、CaCOL2、CaCOL4和CaCOL7在LD处理中的表达显着高于SD处理，表明它们是潜在的开花诱导剂，是泽兰植物开花调控和昼夜节律调控研究的候选基因。总之，我们的研究促进了姜黄物种开花的成功调控，并为未来的分子育种计划提供了见解。并且是研究泽泻植物开花调节和昼夜节律控制的候选基因。总之，我们的研究促进了姜黄物种开花的成功调控，并为未来的分子育种计划提供了见解。并且是研究泽泻植物开花调节和昼夜节律控制的候选基因。总之，我们的研究促进了姜黄物种开花的成功调控，并为未来的分子育种计划提供了见解。