Recent investigations have increased the interest on the connection between the microorganisms inhabiting the gut (gut microbiota) and human health. An imbalance of the intestinal bacteria representation (dysbiosis) could lead to different diseases, ranging from obesity and diabetes, to neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The term “gut-brain axis” refers to a crosstalk between the brain and the gut involving multiple overlapping pathways, including the autonomic, neuroendocrine, and immune systems as well as bacterial metabolites and neuromodulatory molecules. Through this pathway, microbiota can influence the onset and progression of neuropathologies such as AD. This review discusses the possible interaction between the gut microbiome and AD, focusing on the role of gut microbiota in neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular degeneration and Aβ clearance.

最近的研究增加了对肠道微生物（肠道微生物群）与人类健康之间联系的兴趣。肠道细菌表现失衡（生态失调）可能导致不同的疾病，从肥胖和糖尿病到包括阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 在内的神经系统疾病。术语“肠脑轴”是指大脑和肠道之间的串扰，涉及多个重叠途径，包括自主神经、神经内分泌和免疫系统以及细菌代谢物和神经调节分子。通过这一途径，微生物群可以影响 AD 等神经病理学的发作和进展。这篇综述讨论了肠道微生物群和 AD 之间可能的相互作用，重点关注肠道微生物群在神经炎症中的作用，