Gram-negative bacteria are worrisome because they are becoming resistant to many antibiotic available options, mainly in hospital environment. Several studies have noted the presence of bacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, with the presence of antibiotic-resistance genes in fresh vegetables and fruits. This study aimed to detect the presence of phenotypic and genotypic resistance in eight samples of fresh fruit juices served to patients admitted to a hospital in Rio de Janeiro. The growth of microorganisms on MacConkey and XLD agar was carried out to obtain a "pool" of Gram-negative bacteria. The disk diffusion test and the polymerase chain reaction were performed to detect the phenotypic and genotypic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to the tested antibiotics. The multidrug resistance was detected in all samples and the shv, tem, ctx, tetA, tetB and oxa- 48 genes were found in the samples, including the presence of class 2 and 3 integrons. We can conclude that the selection methodology allows the detection of a greater number of genes and this found warns about the risk of making these foods available to patients in hospitals.

中文翻译：

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里约热内卢某公立医院新鲜果汁中抗生素耐药菌的表型和基因型检测

革兰氏阴性菌令人担忧，因为它们对许多可用的抗生素产生抗药性，主要是在医院环境中。几项研究已经注意到存在产生超广谱 β-内酰胺酶的细菌，新鲜蔬菜和水果中存在抗生素抗性基因。本研究旨在检测为里约热内卢一家医院收治的患者提供的八份新鲜果汁样品中是否存在表型和基因型抗性。在 MacConkey 和 XLD 琼脂上进行微生物的生长以获得革兰氏阴性细菌的“池”。用圆盘扩散试验和聚合酶链反应检测革兰氏阴性菌对试验抗生素的表型和基因型耐药性。所有样本均检测到多药耐药，样本中发现shv、tem、ctx、tetA、tetB和oxa-48基因，包括存在2类和3类整合子。我们可以得出结论，选择方法允许检测更多的基因，这一发现警告了将这些食物提供给医院患者的风险。