Focusing on youth attitudes during a time of political upheaval in Catalonia, we study 1,438 high school students, aged 15 to 16, nested within 30 high schools. Using multilevel analyses, we examine their perceptions of the importance of voting across different election types (independence referendum, local, subnational, national, supernational) and intent to vote regularly upon turning 18. Results show a matching effect of perceived voting importance with levels of municipal, Catalan, Spanish, and European identification. Notably, voting importance across different elections also relates to the extent students perceived their social studies teacher as open to debate and the expression of student opinions within the classroom. This study also highlights differences between the importance that students place on voting in a possible independence referendum compared with conventional elections. For example, socioeconomic status and political dialogue with parents are not associated with perceived voting importance concerning the referendum but are with other election types.

中文翻译：

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在加泰罗尼亚积极争取独立的斗争中青年对投票参与的看法

关注加泰罗尼亚政治动荡时期青年的态度，我们研究了 1,438 名年龄在 15 至 16 岁之间的高中生，他们分布在 30 所高中。使用多层次分析，我们检查了他们对不同选举类型（独立公投、地方、次国家、国家、超国家）投票重要性的看法以及在 18 岁时定期投票的意图。结果显示，感知投票重要性与市政、加泰罗尼亚语、西班牙语和欧洲识别。值得注意的是，在不同选举中投票的重要性还与学生认为他们的社会研究老师愿意辩论的程度以及学生在课堂内表达意见的程度有关。这项研究还强调了学生在可能的独立公投中投票的重要性与传统选举之间的差异。例如，社会经济地位和与父母的政治对话与公投的投票重要性无关，但与其他选举类型有关。