How people balance work and personal or family life has been widely examined, showing gender inequalities that put women at a disadvantage relative to men. However, although this is a question of time compatibility, there has been no research on whether the type of working day (continuous or split) has different effects on this balance for men and women. The Time Use Survey enables us to examine this balance in two areas that are key to understanding the difficulty of reconciling timetables. On the one hand, there is the relationship between the type of working day and housework or family care (balance between paid and unpaid work). On the other hand, there is the relationship between the type of working day and eating (mealtime balance). The data indicate that the type of working day affects the balance between paid and unpaid work less than might be expected, since in all cases, it is women who do more unpaid work, while men’s involvement in housework changes little, whether they have a continuous or a split working day. However, the continuous working day is more favourable to balancing work and family life. In contrast, work–mealtime balance is a cultural feature that equalises both sexes in relation to an established habit that encourages sharing time outside work. We can thus speak of shared (non-work) time and unshared (unpaid) work.

中文翻译：

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工作日的类型如何影响工作与生活的平衡和用餐时间的平衡：一项基于时间使用调查的研究

人们如何平衡工作与个人或家庭生活已得到广泛研究，表明性别不平等使女性相对于男性处于不利地位。然而，虽然这是一个时间兼容性问题，但还没有研究过工作日的类型（连续或分裂）对男性和女性的这种平衡是否有不同的影响。时间使用调查使我们能够在两个方面检查这种平衡，这是理解协调时间表的困难的关键。一方面，工作日的类型与家务或家庭护理（有偿和无偿工作之间的平衡）之间存在关系。另一方面，工作日的类型和饮食（进餐时间平衡）之间存在关系。数据表明，工作日的类型对有偿和无偿工作之间的平衡影响比预期的要小，因为在所有情况下，女性做的无偿工作更多，而男性从事家务劳动的情况变化不大，无论他们是否有持续的工作。或分开的工作日。然而，连续工作日更有利于平衡工作和家庭生活。相比之下，工作与进餐时间的平衡是一种文化特征，根据鼓励在工作之外分享时间的既定习惯，使两性平等。因此，我们可以谈论共享（非工作）时间和非共享（无偿）工作。连续工作日更有利于平衡工作和家庭生活。相比之下，工作与进餐时间的平衡是一种文化特征，根据鼓励在工作之外分享时间的既定习惯，使两性平等。因此，我们可以谈论共享（非工作）时间和非共享（无偿）工作。连续工作日更有利于平衡工作和家庭生活。相比之下，工作与进餐时间的平衡是一种文化特征，根据鼓励在工作之外分享时间的既定习惯，使两性平等。因此，我们可以谈论共享（非工作）时间和非共享（无偿）工作。