Terrorism is so associated with Arabs, Muslims and South Asians that it has become common sense in the post 9/11 world. Drawing on various bodies of scholarship, this article traces the complex evolution of ‘race’ in relation to Arabs and Muslims from the 1960s to mid-’80s, alongside changing notions of ‘terrorism’, to advance an argument about the historically contingent nature of the racialised terrorist threat. The author argues that ‘terrorcraft’ – or terrorist racialisation – is a process. First, the racialised terrorist was crafted deep in the US empire. Counter-insurgency doctrine was instrumental in the US security state’s creation of the ‘Arab terrorist’ through racial profiling. Second, the ideology of terrorcraft followed, rather than preceded, the security state’s racialising practices, though racial stereotypes of Arabs and Muslims pre-date the 1960s. The ‘Arab terrorist’ is a new project of racial formation, the author argues. Third, the US’s strategic alliance with Israel after 1967 and two conferences organised by the Israeli Jonathan Institute laid the basis for the transatlantic production of terrorcraft. Over time, it evolved from its initial focus on Arabs to include Muslims during the 1980s and South Asians in the 1990s.

中文翻译：

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恐怖主义：帝国与种族化恐怖主义威胁的形成

恐怖主义与阿拉伯人、穆斯林和南亚人息息相关，以至于在后 9/11 世界中它已成为常识。本文利用各种学术机构，追溯了从 1960 年代到 80 年代中期与阿拉伯人和穆斯林有关的“种族”的复杂演变，以及不断变化的“恐怖主义”概念，以提出关于历史偶然性的论点。种族化的恐怖主义威胁。作者认为，“恐怖主义”——或恐怖主义种族化——是一个过程。首先，种族化的恐怖分子是在美国帝国深处精心打造的。反叛乱原则在美国安全国家通过种族定性创建“阿拉伯恐怖分子”方面发挥了重要作用。其次，恐怖主义意识形态遵循而不是先于安全国家的种族化做法，尽管阿拉伯人和穆斯林的种族刻板印象早于 1960 年代。作者认为，“阿拉伯恐怖分子”是种族形成的一个新项目。第三，1967年后美国与以色列的战略联盟和以色列乔纳森研究所组织的两次会议为跨大西洋制造恐怖飞机奠定了基础。随着时间的推移，它从最初关注阿拉伯人发展到 1980 年代的穆斯林和 1990 年代的南亚人。