In the mid-2000s, the City of Angels became ground zero for a national debate over immigration that gripped the United States.1 Following the introduction of a draconian bill in the House of Representatives that would have criminalized undocumented immigrants and further militarized the U.S.–Mexico border, working-class people, immigrant or otherwise, and their allies took to the streets of major metropolises. Due to a variety of factors, Los Angeles warranted significant attention. As labor scholars Victor Narro, Kent Wong, and Janna Shadduck-Hernández note,

中文翻译：

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挑战洛杉矶：现代城市中种族、空间和权力的节点

在 2000 年代中期，天使之城成为一场席卷美国的全国性移民辩论的零基础。 1 在众议院提出一项严厉的法案后，该法案会将无证移民定为刑事犯罪并使美国进一步军事化——墨西哥边境，工人阶级，移民或其他人，和他们的盟友走上了主要大都市的街头。由于多种因素，洛杉矶值得高度关注。正如劳工学者 Victor Narro、Kent Wong 和 Janna Shadduck-Hernández 指出的那样，