Abstract

American working conditions have deteriorated over the last 40 years. One commonly-noted change is the rise of nonstandard and unstable work schedules. Such schedules, especially when held by mothers, negatively affect family functioning and the well-being and development of children; they have implications for the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage. This article describes and compares the working schedules—in terms of type, duration, and variability—of American mothers in 1990 and 2012 in an attempt to assess whether nonstandard and unstable schedules are growing more common. Analyses demonstrate that evening work has increased in prevalence for single mothers but not for their partnered peers. Mothers in both single-mother and two-partner households experienced considerably greater within-week schedule variability and higher likelihood of weekend work in 2012 than they did in 1990. These changes resulted from widespread shifts in the nature of work, especially affecting less educated mothers.

中文翻译：

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1990年和2012年美国母亲的工作计划

摘要

在过去的40年中，美国的工作条件恶化了。一项通常注意到的变化是非标准且不稳定的工作计划的出现。这种时间表，特别是由母亲掌握的时间表，对家庭运作以及儿童的福祉和发展产生不利影响；它们对世代相传的劣势具有影响。本文描述并比较了1990年和2012年美国母亲的工作时间表（类型，持续时间和变异性），以评估非标准和不稳定的时间表是否越来越普遍。分析表明，单身母亲的夜班工作患病率有所增加，但伴侣的同龄人却没有。