While many studies have investigated the consequences of psychological safety for behavior, there is little theorizing on the mechanisms that account for these effects. Since psychological safety makes individuals feel safe to express their true self, we argue that it should act as a catalyst for alignment between individual beliefs and behavior. Drawing on the reasoned action model, we postulate that psychological safety interacts with individuals’ attitudes and perceived norms in predicting intention and behavior. We tested our model with physicians’ influenza vaccination behavior. We surveyed 208 physicians from a Swiss hospital before and after the vaccination phase. Results show that the effect of attitude, but not perceived norm, on intention to get vaccinated was moderated by perceived psychological safety in the physicians’ team: High psychological safety strengthened the effect of physicians’ attitude on their intention, which in turn predicted actual vaccination behavior. We provide first evidence that high psychological safety may render individuals more comfortable to act in accordance with their attitudes. Depending on whether attitudes are in line with organizational goals, increasing psychological safety could facilitate positive or negative consequences. This more differentiated understanding of psychological safety can fruitfully inform both future research and organizational practice.

尽管许多研究已经调查了心理安全对行为的影响，但对于造成这些影响的机制却缺乏理论上的解释。由于心理安全使个人感到表达自己的真实自我感到安全，因此我们认为，心理安全应充当个人信仰和行为之间保持一致的催化剂。利用合理的行动模型，我们假设心理安全与个人在预测意图和行为时的态度和感知规范相互作用。我们用医生的流感疫苗接种行为测试了我们的模型。我们在疫苗接种阶段前后对来自瑞士一家医院的208位医生进行了调查。结果表明，态度（而不是常识）对接种疫苗的意图的影响通过医师团队的心理安全感得到缓解：较高的心理安全性增强了医师态度对其意向的影响，进而预测了实际的疫苗接种行为。我们提供的第一个证据是，较高的心理安全性可能会使个人按照自己的态度行事更加自如。根据态度是否符合组织目标，提高心理安全性可以促进积极或消极的后果。对心理安全的这种更加差异化的理解可以为未来的研究和组织实践提供有益的帮助。根据态度是否符合组织目标，提高心理安全性可以促进积极或消极的后果。对心理安全的这种更加差异化的理解可以为未来的研究和组织实践提供有益的帮助。根据态度是否符合组织目标，提高心理安全性可以促进积极或消极的后果。对心理安全的这种更加差异化的理解可以为未来的研究和组织实践提供有益的帮助。