While Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth edition (DSM-5) Section III and ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases 11th–Revision) both allow for dimensional assessment of personality pathology, the models differ in the definition of maladaptive traits. In this study, we pursued the goal of developing a short and reliable assessment for maladaptive traits, which is compatible with both models, using the item pool of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). To this aim, we applied ant colony optimization algorithms in English- and German-speaking samples comprising a total N of 2,927. This procedure yielded a 34-item measure with a hierarchical latent structure including six maladaptive trait domains and 17 trait facets, the “Personality Inventory for DSM-5, Brief Form Plus” (PID5BF+). While latent structure, reliability, and criterion validity were ascertained in the original and in two separate validation samples (n = 849, n = 493) and the measure was able to discriminate personality disorders from other diagnoses in a clinical subsample, results suggest further modifications for capturing ICD-11 Anankastia.

虽然《精神疾病诊断和统计手册》第五版( DSM-5 ) 第 III 节和 ICD-11（国际疾病分类第 11 次修订版）都允许对人格病理学进行维度评估，但这些模型在适应不良特征的定义上有所不同。在这项研究中，我们追求的目标是使用DSM-5的人格量表的项目池，对适应不良的特征进行简短而可靠的评估，该评估与两种模型兼容（PID-5）。为此，我们在英语和德语样本中应用了蚁群优化算法，样本总数为 2,927。这个过程产生了一个 34 项的测量，具有分层的潜在结构，包括 6 个适应不良的特征域和 17 个特征方面，即“ DSM-5的人格清单，Brief Form Plus”（PID5BF+）。虽然在原始样本和两个单独的验证样本（ n = 849，n = 493）中确定了潜在结构、可靠性和标准有效性，并且该测量能够将人格障碍与临床子样本中的其他诊断区分开来，但结果表明需要进一步修改用于捕获 ICD-11 Annkastia。