Positive adaptation manifests differently in the aftermath of traumatic events. Methodological limitations, however, impede the ability to test conceptualizations of resilience that emphasize the multifaceted nature of these responses. In response, an approach that synthesized a residualized and person-centered conceptualization of resilience examined associations between aspects of resilience in an adolescent sample. In total, 584 racially/ethnically diverse adolescents (age range: 12–17 years; M = 14.98 years; SD = 1.05; 50.9% female; 30.1% White, 29.6% African American, 19.5% Hispanic) self-reported lifetime emotional maltreatment and community violence exposure as well as current levels of depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), violent behavior, and psychological well-being (PWB). Each mental health outcome was regressed on lifetime trauma exposure to create residuals used as indices of resilience. Correlations between the residuals suggested that PWB was more closely related to resilience to depression and PTS, rs = .17–.30, than violent behavior, r = .00. Residuals were subsequently entered into person-centered analyses to identify representative well-being profiles. Cluster analysis identified four groups, including two adaptive profiles defined by (a) lower distress and higher PWB and (b) lower psychopathology and lower PWB, based on adolescents’ levels of trauma exposure. These two profiles did not vary regarding impairment, p > .999, suggesting both profiles represent positive adaption to lifetime trauma exposure. Theoretical and clinical implications of distinguishing between these two profiles by assessing PWB in adolescents are discussed, as well as how PWB may manifest within the context of different patterns of psychological distress.

中文翻译：

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创伤暴露青少年的心理困扰和幸福感：一种残余的、以人为中心的复原力方法

积极适应在创伤性事件之后表现出不同的表现。然而，方法上的局限性阻碍了测试强调这些反应的多方面性质的弹性概念化的能力。作为回应，一种综合了残差和以人为中心的复原力概念化的方法检查了青少年样本中复原力各方面之间的关联。总共有 584 名不同种族/民族的青少年（年龄范围：12-17 岁；M= 14.98 年；标准差 = 1.05；50.9% 女性；30.1% 的白人、29.6% 的非裔美国人、19.5% 的西班牙裔）自我报告的终生情感虐待和社区暴力暴露以及当前的抑郁水平、创伤后压力症状 (PTSS)、暴力行为和心理健康 (PWB)。每个心理健康结果都根据终生创伤暴露进行回归，以创建用作恢复力指数的残差。残差之间的相关性表明，PWB更密切相关，以抵御抑郁症和PTS，[R小号= 0.17，0.30，比暴力行为，[R= .00。随后将残差输入到以人为中心的分析中，以确定具有代表性的幸福感。聚类分析确定了四组，包括根据青少年的创伤暴露水平，由 (a) 较低的痛苦和较高的 PWB 和 (b) 较低的精神病理学和较低的 PWB 定义的两个适应性特征。这两个配置文件在损伤方面没有变化，p > .999，表明这两个配置文件都代表对终生创伤暴露的积极适应。讨论了通过评估青少年 PWB 来区分这两种情况的理论和临床意义，以及 PWB 在不同心理困扰模式的背景下可能如何表现。