A growing body of research has evoked the life-course perspective to understand how experiences in school relate to a wide range of longer term life outcomes. This is perhaps best typified by the notion of the school-to-prison pipeline which refers to a process by which youth who experience punitive punishment in schools are increasingly enmeshed within the criminal justice system. While this metaphor is commonly accepted, few studies have examined the extent to which exclusionary school discipline significantly alters pathways toward incarceration as youth transition into young adulthood. Applying a life-course perspective and leveraging 15 waves of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, this study examines how school suspensions influence the odds of imprisonment during young adulthood. Mixed-effects longitudinal models demonstrate that receiving a suspension serves as a key turning point toward increased odds of incarceration, even after accounting for key covariates including levels of criminal offending. However, results show that repeated suspensions do not appear to confer additional risk of incarceration. Results carry implications for the ways in which school punishment impacts youths’ life-course.

中文翻译：

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探索从学校到监狱的渠道：学校停课如何影响青少年时期的监禁


越来越多的研究引发了生命历程的视角，以了解学校经历与各种长期生活成果之间的关系。学校到监狱管道的概念也许最能体现这一点，它指的是在学校遭受惩罚性惩罚的青少年越来越多地卷入刑事司法系统的过程。虽然这个比喻被普遍接受，但很少有研究探讨随着青少年过渡到成年早期，排他性学校纪律在多大程度上显着改变了入狱途径。本研究运用生命历程的视角，并利用 1997 年全国青少年纵向调查的 15 波数据，探讨了学校停课如何影响青少年时期入狱的几率。混合效应纵向模型表明，即使在考虑了包括刑事犯罪水平在内的关键协变量之后，获得停职也是增加监禁几率的关键转折点。然而，结果显示，反复停学似乎不会带来额外的监禁风险。结果对学校惩罚影响青少年一生的方式产生了影响。