Abstract. Performance-approach goals (i.e., the desire to outperform others) have been found to be positive predictors of test performance, but research has also revealed that they predict surface learning strategies. The present research investigates whether the high academic performance of students who strongly adopt performance-approach goals stems from test anticipation and preparation, which most educational settings render possible since examinations are often scheduled in advance. We set up a longitudinal design for an experiment conducted in high-school classrooms within the context of two science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines, namely, physics and chemistry. First, we measured performance-approach goals. Then we asked students to take a test that had either been announced a week in advance (enabling strategic preparation) or not. The expected interaction between performance-approach goal endorsement and test anticipation was moderated by the students’ initial level: ...

中文翻译：

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考试预期在绩效方法目标和学业成绩之间的联系中的作用

摘要。已经发现绩效方法目标（即超越他人的愿望）是测试绩效的积极预测因素，但研究还表明，它们可以预测表面学习策略。本研究调查强烈采用绩效方法目标的学生的高学业成绩是否源于考试预期和准备，由于考试通常提前安排，因此大多数教育环境使之成为可能。我们在两个科学、技术、工程和数学 (STEM) 学科，即物理和化学的背景下，为在高中课堂上进行的实验建立了纵向设计。首先，我们测量了绩效方法目标。然后我们要求学生参加提前一周宣布或未宣布的测试。表现-方法目标认可和考试预期之间的预期互动受学生初始水平的影响：...