There is a gradual increase in the number of elderly people living in the world. Also, human aging is associated with a deterioration of cognitive processes, that touches multiple domains, including memory, attention, processing speed and cognitive control. For this reason, intervention programs that improve the intellectual functioning of older citizens became very popular. One of the broadly discussed approach aims to support the elderly’s functioning with the usage of cognitive trainings. Although, emerged training regimes are considered by some researchers to be effective, they are systematically criticized by others. Possible causes are due to a diversity of approaches to the training design itself, to the way it is applied, as well as to the training methodology. In terms of their utility, it is crucial to decide which interventions are effective, how strongly they affect behavior, and to what extent they actually transfer to everyday life of older participants. Especially the last attribute should be e ential, considering participants’ well-being. Therefore, this article aims not only to systematize reports on improving the cognitive functioning of the elderly, but above all to draw attention to the increasingly perceptible problem of verification of the training effects of seniors. We would like to emphasize the need for implementation a stronger methodological unification of cognitive trainings, that allows a fair assessment of their impact on the quality of life of the participating seniors.

中文翻译：

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Skuteczność treningów poznawczych w grupie osób starszych – przegląd badań

生活在世界上的老年人数量逐渐增加。此外，人类衰老与认知过程的恶化有关，涉及多个领域，包括记忆力、注意力、处理速度和认知控制。出于这个原因，改善老年人智力功能的干预计划变得非常受欢迎。广泛讨论的方法之一旨在通过使用认知训练来支持老年人的功能。尽管一些研究人员认为新兴的培训制度是有效的，但也遭到了其他人的系统批评。可能的原因是由于培训设计本身、其应用方式以及培训方法的多样性。就其效用而言，决定哪些干预措施是有效的，它们对行为的影响有多大，以及它们在多大程度上真正转移到老年参与者的日常生活中是至关重要的。考虑到参与者的福祉，尤其是最后一个属性应该是重要的。因此，本文不仅旨在系统化有关改善老年人认知功能的报告，而且首先要引起人们对老年人培训效果验证问题的关注。我们要强调的是，需要对认知培训进行更强有力的方法统一，以便公平评估其对参与老年人生活质量的影响。考虑到参与者的福祉，尤其是最后一个属性应该是重要的。因此，本文不仅旨在系统化有关改善老年人认知功能的报告，而且首先要引起人们对老年人培训效果验证问题的关注。我们要强调的是，需要对认知培训进行更强有力的方法统一，以便公平评估其对参与老年人生活质量的影响。考虑到参与者的福祉，尤其是最后一个属性应该是重要的。因此，本文不仅旨在系统化有关改善老年人认知功能的报告，而且首先要引起人们对老年人培训效果验证问题的关注。我们要强调的是，需要对认知培训进行更强有力的方法统一，以便公平评估其对参与老年人生活质量的影响。