We focus on the personal networks of members of an anti-environmentalism countermovement in a small town in Canada (Port Alberni, B.C.) that mobilized against the environmental movement. Drawing primarily from social survey data, we investigate the effects of network-based mobilization processes, and contending-movement ties (ties to the environmental movement), on level of participation in the countermovement. We add to the literature on networks and social movements, and movement-countermovement dynamics by 1) comparing network processes amongst a counter movement with those amongst a corresponding social movement, and 2) comparing personal network structures and mobilization processes between countermovement members and the general public. We find a similar pattern of network-based micromobilization processes amongst movement and countermovement participant networks. We find both similarities, and key differences between the counter movement and the general public in terms of activism and social network ties. Theoretical predictions have suggested that individuals who have ties to opposing groups will moderate their participation in a social movement. However, in this study of a community countermovement organization in a small town in Canada that mobilized against the provincial environmental movement we find that the number of contending movement ties (the range of ties to environmental organizations) held by individuals in the countermovement has a significant positive association with countermovement activism, and is the strongest statistical predictor of countermovement activism. Drawing upon both theory and substantive information we discuss the implications of this novel finding.

中文翻译：

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纠结的根源：个人网络和个人参与反环保运动

我们关注加拿大一个小镇（卑诗省阿尔伯尼港）的反环保运动成员的个人网络，该运动动员起来反对环保运动。我们主要利用社会调查数据，调查基于网络的动员过程和对抗运动的联系（与环境运动的联系）对反运动参与水平的影响。我们通过 1) 将反运动中的网络过程与相应的社会运动中的网络过程进行比较，以及 2) 比较反运动成员与一般运动成员之间的个人网络结构和动员过程，来添加关于网络和社会运动以及运动-反运动动态的文献。上市。我们在运动和反运动参与者网络中发现了类似的基于网络的微动员过程模式。我们发现反运动与公众在激进主义和社交网络联系方面的相似之处和主要差异。理论预测表明，与对立群体有联系的个人会缓和他们对社会运动的参与。然而，在这项针对加拿大一个小镇的社区反运动组织发起反对省级环保运动的研究中，我们发现在反运动中个人持有的抗争运动联系的数量（与环保组织的联系范围）具有显着性。与反运动激进主义的积极联系，并且是反运动激进主义的最强统计预测指标。利用理论和实质性信息，我们讨论了这一新发现的含义。