This study examines how gender attitudes moderate the relationship between employment and depressive symptoms using data from the 1987 to 2006 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Cohort. Results indicate that at age 40, the association of employment with reduced symptoms of depression is greatest for mothers who had previously expressed support for traditional gender roles. This finding was robust to controls for prior depressive symptoms. In contrast, the association of employment and depressive symptoms at age 40 does not vary by earlier gender attitudes among childless women. Results suggest that in light of women’s disproportionate share of domestic responsibilities and limited employer supports for parents, skepticism over mothers’ ability to “do it all” may mitigate the stress of work-family role strain and allow mothers with more traditional gender attitudes to receive greater protection against depressive symptoms from employment.

中文翻译：

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甚至超级妈妈也要忧郁：就业，性别态度和抑郁

这项研究使用1979年全国青年纵向调查的1987年至2006年的数据，研究了性别态度如何缓解就业与抑郁症状之间的关系。结果表明，对于40岁以前曾表示支持传统性别角色的母亲，就业与抑郁症状减轻的关联最大。这一发现对于控制先前的抑郁症状是有力的。相比之下，40岁以下的就业和抑郁症状之间的联系并没有因无子女妇女中较早的性别态度而变化。结果表明，鉴于妇女在家庭责任中所占比例过高，而雇主对父母的支持有限，