Individuals increasingly have encountered messages that mental illness is explained by biological factors such as chemical imbalance or genetic abnormality. Many assumed this “biological turn” would lessen stigma toward mental illness, but stigma generally has remained stable or even increased. Given how nonbiological illness explanations (e.g., way one is raised, bad character, life stressors) often are endorsed even among those who support biological explanations, we contend that combinations or configurations of beliefs integrating distinct types of explanation may hold a key to understanding why biological beliefs have not succeeded in lessening stigma. Using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) on national vignette data (2006 General Social Survey; N = 968), we find that not blaming an individual’s character is essential to lowering depression stigma whenever biological explanations also are endorsed and that blaming character unconditionally contributes to stigmatizing alcoholism. For schizophrenia and alcoholism, biological explanations may lower stigma contingent on several other beliefs.

中文翻译：

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精神疾病的生物属性何时能减少耻辱感？使用定性比较分析将归因情境化

人们越来越多地遇到这样的信息，即精神疾病是由诸如化学失衡或遗传异常等生物学因素引起的。许多人认为这种“生物转向”将减轻对精神疾病的污名，但污名通常保持稳定甚至增加。考虑到即使在那些支持生物学解释的人中，非生物学疾病的解释（例如，提出一种方式，性格不良，生活压力的来源）也经常得到认可，我们认为结合不同类型解释的信念的组合或配置可能是理解为什么的关键生物学信仰未能成功减轻污名。使用国家小插图数据的定性比较分析（QCA）（2006年综合社会调查； N = 968），我们发现，只要生物学解释也得到认可，就不应该责怪一个人的性格对于降低抑郁的耻辱是必不可少的，并且无条件地责备性格会助长对酒精中毒的污名化。对于精神分裂症和酒精中毒，生物学解释可能会降低耻辱感，这取决于其他几种信念。