Research shows an unequal distribution of anxiety disorder symptoms and diagnoses across social groups. Bridging stress process theory and the sociology of diagnosis and drawing on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we examine inequity in the prevalence of anxiety symptoms versus diagnosis across social groups (the “symptom-to-diagnoses gap”). Bivariate findings suggest that while several disadvantaged groups are more likely to experience symptoms of anxiety, they are not more likely to receive a diagnosis. Multivariate results indicate that after controlling for anxiety symptoms: (1) Being female still predicts an anxiety disorder diagnosis, and (2) Native American, white, and Hispanic/Latino respondents are more likely than black respondents to receive an anxiety disorder diagnosis. We conclude by reflecting on the implications of race and gender bias in diagnosis and the health trajectories for persons with undiagnosed anxiety disorders.

中文翻译：

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超越症状：种族和性别预测焦虑症的诊断

研究表明，焦虑症症状和诊断在社会群体中分布不均。将压力过程理论与诊断社会学联系起来，并利用《青少年对成人健康的国家纵向研究》，我们研究了焦虑症状的患病率与社会群体之间的诊断不平等（“症状-诊断差距”）。双变量研究结果表明，尽管几个弱势群体更有可能出现焦虑症状，但他们更不可能得到诊断。多变量结果表明，在控制了焦虑症状之后：（1）女性仍然可以预测出焦虑症的诊断，并且（2）美国本地人，白人和西班牙裔/拉丁美洲人的受访者比黑人受访者更有可能接受焦虑症的诊断。