Studies on immigration have frequently overlooked the importance that religion plays in the lives of migrants. Filipinos living in Japan (now its third largest ethnic group) identify heavily as Roman Catholic, for which they use existing church structures to teach their children about being Filipino. Using religious institutions to teach culture has not gone unchallenged, especially within the Filipino-Japanese household. This paper delineates the cultural politics involved within the Japanese-Filipino household among Filipinos, their Japanese husbands and in-laws and exposes the habit of Japanese to defer authority to teachers and classmates instead of supporting the Filipino mothers’ culture. Key to Japanese hegemony is the role that time-allotment plays in controlling children’s activity. The education system commands wide support within the Japanese household to the extent that demand for long hours of extracurricular practice functions as a paradigmatic expression of Japanese culture. Children’s entrance into elementary school is marked by an aggregate reduction in time that only increases as they age. Middle age Filipino mothers attending church alone is the result of an educational policy that obstructs the time foreign parents can spend with their children teaching them about forms of education alternative to those found in the public schools.

中文翻译：

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没时间去教堂：学校、家庭和菲日儿童的文化适应

关于移民的研究经常忽视宗教在移民生活中的重要性。居住在日本（现在是日本第三大族群）的菲律宾人在很大程度上认同罗马天主教徒，为此他们使用现有的教堂结构来教他们的孩子成为菲律宾人。利用宗教机构教授文化并非没有受到挑战，尤其是在菲律宾-日本家庭中。本文描绘了菲律宾人、他们的日本丈夫和公婆之间的日本-菲律宾家庭中所涉及的文化政治，并揭露了日本人将权威交给老师和同学而不是支持菲律宾母亲文化的习惯。日本霸权的关键在于时间分配在控制儿童活动方面的作用。教育系统在日本家庭中得到广泛支持，因为对长时间课外实践的需求是日本文化的典型表现。儿童进入小学的特点是时间总体上减少，而且随着年龄的增长而增加。中年菲律宾母亲独自去教堂是一项教育政策的结果，该政策阻碍了外国父母花时间陪伴孩子教他们替代公立学校的教育形式。