In the late 2000s, a new wave of xenophobic activism known as the ‘Action Conservative Movement’ (ACM) began to engage in prominent actions against ethnic minorities. Its aggressive use of hate speech confirmed fears of a rightward shift in Japan, echoing the rise of nationalist movements elsewhere around the globe. However, as the ACM moved from online organizing to high-profile public protest, pre-existing factions of rightist activists challenged ACM methods and viewpoints on multiculturalism. These ‘fights on the right’ highlight the diversity of rightist groups that are often treated monolithically in academia and the media. The critique some rightists made of the ACM’s xenophobic activism was based on a view of ethnicity that embraced Japan as a multi-ethnic empire—an iconoclastic view itself, and a reflection of Cold War geopolitics, the dynamics of domestic political polarities, and Japan’s colonial legacy manifested by ethnic minorities. It built as well from the cultivation of a particular form of anti-establishment ethos. Based upon my ethnographic fieldwork since 2005, this article offers a detailed typography of several generations of right-wing activism in Japan and an examination of how their diverse views of social citizenship, activist method, and ideological commitment have come into conflict as they grapple with ethnicity in contemporary Japan.

中文翻译：

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右翼斗争：日本右翼的社会公民、种族和战后队列

在 2000 年代后期，被称为“行动保守运动”（ACM）的新一波仇外激进主义开始对少数民族采取突出行动。它对仇恨言论的激进使用证实了人们对日本右倾的担忧，这与全球其他地方民族主义运动的兴起相呼应。然而，随着 ACM 从在线组织转向高调的公众抗议，原有的右翼激进分子派别对 ACM 的多元文化主义方法和观点提出了挑战。这些“右翼斗争”凸显了右翼团体的多样性，而这些右翼团体在学术界和媒体中往往被一概而论。一些右翼人士对 ACM 的仇外激进主义的批评是基于将日本视为一个多民族帝国的种族观点——一种打破传统的观点本身，以及冷战地缘政治的反映，国内政治两极分化的动态，以及少数民族所表现出的日本殖民遗产。它也是通过培养一种特殊形式的反建制精神而建立起来的。这篇文章基于我 2005 年以来的民族志田野调查，提供了日本几代右翼激进主义的详细排版，并考察了他们对社会公民、激进主义方法和意识形态承诺的不同观点如何在他们努力应对时发生冲突。当代日本的种族。