We investigated whether learning that one is biased predicts defensive reactions to feedback on Implicit Association Tests (IATs; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwarz, 1998). In an archival data set (Study 1, N = 219,426) and in an online experiment (Study 2, N = 1,225), people responded most defensively to feedback when: (a) their implicit and explicit attitudes were more discrepant than congruent, (b) their implicit attitudes aligned more with societal bias than did their explicit attitudes (e.g., a preference for Straight People relative to Gay People), and (c) they were majority group members (e.g., White participants in a race-relevant task) rather than minority group members. Next, in an online experiment (Study 3, N = 418), we demonstrated that receiving feedback indicating one is biased causes greater defensiveness. In turn, greater defensiveness, predicts lower intentions to engage in egalitarian behavior.

中文翻译：

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对IAT反馈的防御性回应

我们调查了了解一个人是否有偏见可以预测对内隐联想测验反馈的防御反应（IAT； Greenwald，McGhee和Schwarz，1998）。在档案数据集（研究1，N = 219,426）和在线实验（研究2，N = 1,225）中，当以下情况时，人们对反馈的反应最有防御力：（a）他们的内隐和外显态度比完全一致，（ b）他们的内隐态度比他们的外在态度更符合社会偏见（例如，相对于同性恋者更偏爱异性恋者），以及（c）他们是多数群体成员（例如，种族相关任务的白人参与者）而不是少数群体成员。接下来，在一个在线实验（研究3，N = 418）中，我们证明了收到表明一个人有偏见的反馈会导致更大的防御力。反过来，