Truth-bias is the tendency to believe information whether or not it is true. According to a prominent account, this tendency results from limited cognitive resources. We presented participants true and false statements organized in coherent narratives, and distracted half of the participants while processing the statements. Our findings suggest that explicitly false statements are misremembered as true and affect participants’ judgments regardless of cognitive load (Experiments 1 & 2). Experiment 3 replicates a distraction-independent truth- bias in a paradigm with an equal number of true and false statements, suggesting that the truth-bias does not depend on the frequency of true vs. false statements. Experiment 4 suggests that when the statements are presented in lists, as it often happens in the relevant literature, the truth-bias is significantly underscored. Taken together, our results strongly support that the truth-bias may be stronger than suggested by previous studies.

中文翻译：

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真相偏见的力量：即使在没有分心的情况下，虚假信息也会影响记忆和判断力

真实偏见是一种倾向于相信信息是否正确的趋势。根据一个著名的说法，这种趋势是由有限的认知资源引起的。我们以连贯的叙述形式呈现了参与者的是非陈述，并在处理陈述时分散了一半的参与者的注意力。我们的发现表明，无论认知负荷如何，明确地将虚假陈述误记为真实，并影响参与者的判断（实验1和2）。实验3在具有相等数量的对与错陈述的范例中复制了与干扰无关的真相偏差，这表明真相偏差不依赖于对错陈述的频率。实验4建议，当陈述出现在列表中时（如在相关文献中经常发生的那样），事实偏见得到了显着强调。两者合计，我们的结果强烈支持事实偏见可能比以前的研究建议的要强。