Objective: Even though the dual process of aggression is acknowledged as a mediator of violent behavior, few studies have explored the implicit aspect of violence-supportive cognition. The current study advances understanding of the implicit attitude toward violence and suggests evaluative conditioning (EC) as a strategy to change the implicit violence-supportive attitude of juvenile offenders. Method: A total of 100 juvenile offenders and nonoffenders were randomly assigned to a treatment or control condition, and EC or control intervention was followed depending on the condition. The explicit and implicit attitudes toward violence of the juvenile offender and nonoffender groups were assessed pre- and postintervention by a self-report and implicit association test. Results: Preintervention results indicated that the offender group revealed a less negative implicit attitude toward violence than the nonoffender group did, whereas there was no significant group difference in the explicit attitude toward violence. Postintervention results showed a significant improvement in the violence implicit association test score after the EC intervention in the treatment condition of the offender group. Conclusions: These findings indicate that implicit and explicit attitudes could be expressed independently and that juvenile offenders have more implicit violence-supportive cognition than do nonoffenders. EC intervention was found to be an effective method to correct the implicit attitude toward violence of the juvenile offender group, which suggests that specific interventions for violence-supportive implicit attitudes should be considered.

中文翻译：

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评价条件导致暴力少年犯隐性态度的改变：一项随机对照试验。

目的：尽管人们认为侵略的双重过程是暴力行为的调解者，但很少有研究探索暴力支持认知的内在方面。当前的研究提高了对暴力隐性态度的理解，并提出了评估条件（EC）作为改变少年犯隐性暴力支持态度的策略。方法：将总共100名少年犯和非罪犯随机分配为治疗或对照情况，并根据情况进行EC或对照干预。在干预前后，通过自我报告和内隐联想测验评估了青少年犯罪者和非犯罪者对暴力的明示和隐含态度。结果：干预前的结果表明，犯罪者群体对暴力的内隐态度要比非犯罪者群体要少，而对暴力的显性态度没有明显的群体差异。干预后的结果显示，在EC干预罪犯组的治疗条件后，暴力隐性联想测验分数有显着改善。结论：这些发现表明，隐性和显性态度可以独立表达，与非犯罪者相比，少年犯罪者具有更多的隐含暴力支持认知。人们发现，EC干预是纠正青少年犯罪者对暴力的内在态度的有效方法，