Objective: Violence perpetrated by groups has been proposed to result from processes that include deindividuation, instrumental responses to victim resistance, and leader-follower dynamics. Here we compare the explanatory merit of these accounts by analyzing the sequential patterns of behaviors that occurred in 71 accounts of multiple perpetrator rape by 189 suspects against lone females. Method: Victim accounts of the offenses made to the police were coded for leader, follower, and victim actions using the interpersonal circumplex quadrants, and the offenses were rated as involving high or low nonsexual aggression. Results: Analysis of the temporal proximities among victim and suspect behaviors found that (a) in contrast to deindividuation, hostility decreased rather than increased with group size, (b) victim behavior had no significant effect on perpetrator violence, and (c) leader behavior had a significant effect on group violence. Conclusions: Compared with low aggression offenses, high aggression offenses were characterized by the leaders' hostile behaviors reinforcing the hostile behavior of followers, as well as there being some mutual reinforcement from follower(s) to leader. This has implications for theories of (sexual) violence perpetrated by multiple individuals, as well as for clinical work with such offenders. For example, the influence of peers in these offenses has implications for the planning of interventions with such offenders and the sorts of intervention that are likely to be successful.

中文翻译：

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多次施暴者强奸：施暴者暴力是受害者抵抗，去个体化或领导者跟随者动态的结果吗？

目标：有人提出，群体暴力是由以下过程导致的：去个体化，对受害者抵抗的工具性响应以及领导者跟随者的动态。在这里，我们通过分析由189名嫌疑犯针对单身女性的多重施暴者强奸行为中的71个帐户所发生的行为的顺序模式，来比较这些帐户的解释性优点。方法：使用人际交界象限，对领导，追随者和受害者的行为进行编码，记录下向警察犯下的罪行的罪行，并将这些罪行定为涉及高或低的非性侵略行为。结果：对受害人和嫌疑人的时间上的接近性进行分析后发现：（a）与个体化相反，敌对性随着群体的大小而减少而不是增加，（b）受害人的行为对肇事者的暴力行为没有重大影响，（c）领导者的行为对团体暴力行为没有重大影响。结论：与低度侵略性犯罪相比，高度侵略性犯罪的特征在于领导人的敌对行为增强了追随者的敌对行为，并且追随者对领导者之间也有一定的相互强化。这对多人犯下的（性）暴力行为的理论以及与此类犯罪者的临床工作都有影响。例如，同伴在这些罪行中的影响力会影响对此类犯罪者的干预措施的规划以及可能成功的干预方式。与低度侵略性犯罪相比，高度侵略性犯罪的特征在于领导人的敌对行为增强了追随者的敌对行为，并且从追随者到领导者之间也存在一定的相互强化。这对多人犯下的（性）暴力行为的理论以及与此类犯罪者的临床工作都有影响。例如，同伴在这些罪行中的影响力会影响对此类犯罪者的干预措施的规划以及可能成功的干预方式。与低度侵略性犯罪相比，高度侵略性犯罪的特征在于领导人的敌对行为增强了追随者的敌对行为，并且从追随者到领导者之间也存在一定的相互强化。这对多人犯下的（性）暴力行为的理论以及与此类犯罪者的临床工作都有影响。例如，同伴在这些犯罪中的影响力会影响对此类犯罪者的干预计划以及可能成功的干预类型。这对多人犯下的（性）暴力行为的理论以及与此类犯罪者的临床工作都有影响。例如，同伴在这些犯罪中的影响力会影响对此类犯罪者的干预计划以及可能成功的干预类型。这对多人犯下的（性）暴力行为的理论以及与此类犯罪者的临床工作都有影响。例如，同伴在这些犯罪中的影响力会影响对此类犯罪者的干预计划以及可能成功的干预类型。