Recent theorists have argued that theistic cognitions are so deeply embedded in human cultures that nearly all people experience implicit religious thoughts, even those who consider themselves as atheists or agnostics. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of a Catholic Faith Single Category Implicit Association Test (CF SC-IAT; Karpinski & Steinman, 2006), the degree of implicit–explicit dissociation across different religious groups (practicing and nonpracticing Catholics, agnostics and atheists), as well as the relationships between automatic faith associations and well-being indices. The study was conducted using a Roman sample composed of 142 subjects (106 women) who were an average of 24.74 years of age (SD = 10.66). Results showed: (a) an adequate level of reliability and convergent and criterion validity; (b) a certain degree of implicit–explicit dissociation in terms of a different localization of mean scores with respect to the neutral scale point, a different pattern of means across the religious groups, a small correlation between them, and independent contributions in the prediction of religion-related behaviors; and (c) significant correlations between implicit Catholic faith and 3 different indices of psychological well-being. Theoretical interpretations and limitations of the study were discussed.

中文翻译：

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只有信徒依靠神吗？一项调查天主教信仰自动联想及其与心理健康关系的新措施。

最近的理论家认为，有神论的认知深深植根于人类文化中，几乎所有人都会体验到隐含的宗教思想，即使是那些认为自己是无神论者或不可知论者的人。本研究旨在评估天主教信仰单一类别内隐联想测试 (CF SC-IAT; Karpinski & Steinman, 2006) 的有效性，不同宗教群体（天主教徒和非天主教徒、不可知论者和无神论者）的内隐-外显分离程度，以及自动信仰协会和幸福指数之间的关系。该研究使用罗马样本进行，该样本由 142 名受试者（106 名女性）组成，平均年龄为 24.74 岁（SD = 10.66）。结果表明： (a) 足够的可靠性、收敛性和标准效度；(b) 在相对于中性尺度点的平均分数的不同定位、跨宗教群体的不同模式、它们之间的小相关性以及预测中的独立贡献方面，某种程度的隐性-显性分离与宗教有关的行为；(c) 隐含的天主教信仰与 3 个不同的心理健康指数之间存在显着相关性。讨论了研究的理论解释和局限性。(c) 隐含的天主教信仰与 3 个不同的心理健康指数之间存在显着相关性。讨论了研究的理论解释和局限性。(c) 隐含的天主教信仰与 3 个不同的心理健康指数之间存在显着相关性。讨论了研究的理论解释和局限性。