Religion is often seen as one of the main causes of extremist violence, such as suicide attacks. Because empirical studies analyzing this purported relationship are scarce, we investigated how religious practices and attitudes, perceived threat, and demographic variables contribute to support for extremist violence. We analyzed multinational face-to-face interview data for native Muslims with a final sample size of N = 6,576. Using multilevel ordinal regression, we found that increased support for extremist violence was strongly predicted by social religious activities and perceived threat. Conversely, aspects of individual religiosity and even religious fundamentalism were associated with a decrease in support for extremist violence. Demographic variables showed small or no significant effects. Important practical and theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.

中文翻译：

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宗教信仰、宗教原教旨主义和感知威胁是穆斯林支持极端主义暴力的预测因素。

宗教通常被视为极端主义暴力（例如自杀式袭击）的主要原因之一。由于分析这种所谓关系的实证研究很少，我们调查了宗教习俗和态度、感知威胁和人口统计变量如何有助于支持极端主义暴力。我们分析了本地穆斯林的跨国面对面访谈数据，最终样本大小为 N = 6,576。使用多级序数回归，我们发现社会宗教活动和感知到的威胁强烈预测了对极端主义暴力的支持增加。相反，个人宗教信仰甚至宗教原教旨主义的某些方面与对极端主义暴力的支持减少有关。人口统计学变量显示出很小或没有显着影响。