The current study examined the unique and combined roles of spirituality and religious identity formation processes on ethnocultural empathy among Italian youth. Spirituality was conceptualized as a desire for self-transcendence. Ethnocultural empathy entails concern for those of other cultural backgrounds. It was hypothesized that spirituality would predict ethnocultural empathy indirectly by way of religious identity commitment and in-depth exploration. Religious identity commitment is the extent to which people have invested in a particular religious worldview and community, whereas religious identity in-depth exploration is the degree to which they are actively seeking to learn more about their religious belief system. The sample included 301 Italian adolescents. Structural equation modeling revealed that spirituality positively and strongly predicted both mediators (i.e., religious identity commitment and in-depth exploration) and that it had a moderate, positive direct link to ethnocultural empathy. The mediators were in turn significantly related to ethnocultural empathy, with the link being negative for commitment but positive for in-depth exploration. Finally, both of these indirect paths from spirituality to ethnocultural empathy were statistically significant. This suggests that spirituality may improve prosocial relations with those of other cultures by encouraging people to further explore their religious worldviews.

中文翻译：

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意大利青少年的灵性和民族文化同理心：宗教身份形成过程的中介作用。

目前的研究调查了灵性和宗教认同形成过程对意大利青年民族文化同理心的独特和综合作用。灵性被概念化为对自我超越的渴望。民族文化同理心需要关心其他文化背景的人。假设灵性将通过宗教认同承诺和深入探索间接预测民族文化移情。宗教认同承诺是人们对特定宗教世界观和社区的投入程度，而宗教认同的深入探索是他们积极寻求更多地了解其宗教信仰体系的程度。样本包括 301 名意大利青少年。结构方程模型显示，灵性积极且强烈地预测了两种中介因素（即宗教身份承诺和深入探索），并且它与民族文化同理心具有温和、积极的直接联系。中介者反过来与民族文化同理心显着相关，这种联系对承诺是负面的，但对深入探索是正面的。最后，从灵性到民族文化同理心的这两条间接途径在统计上都是显着的。这表明灵性可以通过鼓励人们进一步探索他们的宗教世界观来改善与其他文化的亲社会关系。中介者反过来与民族文化同理心显着相关，这种联系对承诺是负面的，但对深入探索是正面的。最后，从灵性到民族文化同理心的这两条间接途径在统计上都是显着的。这表明灵性可以通过鼓励人们进一步探索他们的宗教世界观来改善与其他文化的亲社会关系。中介者反过来与民族文化同理心显着相关，这种联系对承诺是负面的，但对深入探索是正面的。最后，从灵性到民族文化同理心的这两条间接途径在统计上都是显着的。这表明灵性可以通过鼓励人们进一步探索他们的宗教世界观来改善与其他文化的亲社会关系。