Inhibitory control training (ICT) is a novel psychological intervention that aims to improve inhibitory control in response to alcohol-related cues through associative learning. Laboratory studies have demonstrated reductions in alcohol consumption following ICT compared with control/sham training, but it is unclear if these effects are robust to a change of context. In a preregistered study, we examined whether the effects of ICT would survive a context shift from a neutral context to a seminaturalistic bar setting. In a mixed design, 60 heavy drinkers (40 female) were randomly allocated to receive either ICT or control/sham training in a neutral laboratory over 2 sessions. We developed a novel variation of ICT that used multiple stop signals to establish direct stimulus–stop associations. The effects of ICT/control were measured once in the same context and once following a shift to a novel (alcohol-related) context. Our dependent variables were ad libitum alcohol consumption following training, change in inhibitory control processes, and change in alcohol value. ICT did not reduce alcohol consumption in either context compared with the control group. Furthermore, we demonstrated no effects of ICT on inhibitory control processes or alcohol value. Bayesian analyses demonstrated overall support for the null hypotheses. This study failed to find any effects of ICT on alcohol consumption or candidate psychological mechanisms. These findings illustrate the difficulty in training alcohol-inhibition associations and add to a growing body of literature suggesting that ICT holds little evidential value as a psychological intervention for alcohol use disorders.

中文翻译：

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酒精提示抑制控制训练能否在情境转变中幸存下来？

抑制控制训练 (ICT) 是一种新型心理干预，旨在通过联想学习改善对酒精相关线索的抑制控制。实验室研究表明，与对照/假训练相比，ICT 后饮酒量有所减少，但尚不清楚这些影响是否对环境变化具有稳健性。在一项预注册研究中，我们检查了 ICT 的影响是否会在从中性背景到半自然主义酒吧设置的背景转变中幸存下来。在混合设计中，60 名重度饮酒者（40 名女性）被随机分配到中立实验室接受 ICT 或对照/假训练超过 2 个疗程。我们开发了一种新的 ICT 变体，它使用多个停止信号来建立直接的刺激-停止关联。ICT/控制的影响在相同的环境中测量一次，并在转移到新的（酒精相关的）环境后测量一次。我们的因变量是训练后随意饮酒、抑制控制过程的变化和酒精值的变化。与对照组相比，ICT 在这两种情况下都没有减少饮酒量。此外，我们证明 ICT 对抑制控制过程或酒精值没有影响。贝叶斯分析证明了对原假设的总体支持。这项研究未能发现 ICT 对饮酒或候选心理机制有任何影响。