This meta-analysis explores whether self-regulation in childhood relates to concurrent and subsequent levels of achievement, interpersonal behaviors, mental health, and healthy living. A comprehensive literature search identified 150 studies that met inclusion criteria (745 effect sizes; total n = 215,212). Data were analyzed using inverse-variance weighted random effects meta-analysis. Mean effect sizes from 55 meta-analyses provided evidence that self-regulation relates to 25 discrete outcomes. Results showed that self-regulation in preschool (∼age 4) was positively associated with social competency, school engagement, and academic performance, and negatively associated with internalizing problems, peer victimization, and externalizing problems, in early school years (∼age 8). Self-regulation in early school years was positively related to academic achievement (math and literacy), and negatively related to externalizing problems (aggressive and criminal behavior), depressive symptoms, obesity, cigarette smoking and illicit drug use, in later school years (∼age 13). Results also showed that self-regulation in early school years was negatively related to unemployment, aggressive and criminal behavior, depression and anxiety, obesity, cigarette smoking, alcohol and substance abuse, and symptoms of physical illness in adulthood (∼age 38). Random effects metaregression identified self-regulation measurement as the most important moderator of pooled mean effects, with task-based assessments and teacher-report assessments often showing stronger associations than parent-report assessments. Overall, findings from this meta-analysis provide evidence that self-regulation in childhood can predict achievement, interpersonal behaviors, mental health, and healthy living in later life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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儿童的自我调节可作为未来结果的预测指标：一项荟萃分析综述。

这项荟萃分析探讨了儿童时期的自我调节是否与成就水平，人际行为，心理健康和健康生活的并发和后续水平相关。全面的文献检索确定了150项符合纳入标准的研究（745种效应量；总n = 215,212）。使用反方差加权随机效应荟萃分析对数据进行分析。来自55个荟萃分析的平均效应大小提供了证据，表明自我调节与25个离散结果相关。结果表明，学龄前（4岁左右）的自我调节与社交能力，学校参与度和学习成绩呈正相关，而在学年早期（8岁左右）与内部化问题，同伴受害和外部化问题负相关。 。在学年后期的自我调节与学业成绩（数学和读写能力）成正相关，与在晚学年的外部化问题（攻击性和犯罪行为），抑郁症状，肥胖，吸烟和非法吸毒呈负相关（〜 13岁）。结果还表明，在学年早期的自我调节与失业，攻击性和犯罪行为，抑郁和焦虑，肥胖，吸烟，酗酒和滥用药物以及成年后身体疾病的症状呈负相关（年龄38岁）。随机效应元回归确定自我调节测量是合并均值效应的最重要调节剂，基于任务的评估和教师报告评估通常显示出比父母报告评估更强的关联性。总体，这项荟萃分析的发现提供了证据，表明儿童时期的自我调节可以预测成就，人际交往行为，心理健康以及以后的健康生活。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。