The empirical study of defense mechanisms has taken place in relative isolation, with few connections to other fields deriving from psychodynamic theories, including attachment. This study aimed to explore the associations of remembered childhood caregiving and defense mechanisms with adult attachment styles in a nonclinical sample. Furthermore, we investigated which defenses are associated with specific insecure attachment styles. Participants were 238 university students (mean age = 28.11 years, SD = 9.42; 24.4% male) who volunteered to complete a set of questionnaires including the Response Evaluation Measure-71, the Attachment Style Questionnaire, and the Measure of Parenting Style. The main contribution to adult attachment style is given by immature defenses, which are associated with all dimensions of insecure attachment, and inversely related to secure attachment. Mature defenses seemed to play a secondary role because they predicted only secure attachment significantly. Maternal and paternal rearing style showed no significant effect on attachment scores, with the only exception of paternal abuse on need for approval and maternal overprotection on preoccupation with relationships and relationships as secondary. Splitting and repression emerged as mechanisms that characterized the avoidant dimension of insecure attachment, whereas the anxious dimension of attachment showed associations with projection and fantasy. The results support the hypothesis that immature defenses are a correlate of insecure attachment in adults and that specific defense configurations are associated with the avoidant and anxious components of attachment.

中文翻译：

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防御机制、记得的父母照顾和成人依恋风格。

防御机制的实证研究是在相对孤立的情况下进行的，与源自心理动力学理论的其他领域（包括依恋）几乎没有联系。本研究旨在探索在非临床样本中记忆的童年照料和防御机制与成人依恋风格之间的关联。此外，我们调查了哪些防御与特定的不安全依恋风格相关。参与者是 238 名大学生（平均年龄 = 28.11 岁，SD = 9.42；24.4% 男性），他们自愿完成一组问卷，包括响应评估量表 71、依恋风格问卷和育儿风格量表。成人依恋风格的主要贡献是不成熟的防御，这与不安全依恋的所有方面有关，与安全依恋成反比。成熟的防御似乎起到了次要作用，因为它们只显着地预测了安全依恋。母亲和父亲的教养方式对依恋分数没有显着影响，唯一的例外是需要批准的父亲虐待和母亲对关系的过度保护以及次要的关系。分裂和压抑作为不安全依恋的回避维度的特征出现，而依恋的焦虑维度显示出与投射和幻想的关联。结果支持这样的假设，即不成熟的防御与成年人的不安全依恋相关，并且特定的防御配置与依恋的回避和焦虑成分有关。成熟的防御似乎起到了次要作用，因为它们只显着地预测了安全依恋。母亲和父亲的教养方式对依恋分数没有显着影响，唯一的例外是需要批准的父亲虐待和母亲对关系的过度保护以及次要的关系。分裂和压抑作为不安全依恋的回避维度的特征出现，而依恋的焦虑维度显示出与投射和幻想的关联。结果支持这样的假设，即不成熟的防御与成年人的不安全依恋相关，并且特定的防御配置与依恋的回避和焦虑成分有关。成熟的防御似乎起到了次要作用，因为它们只显着地预测了安全依恋。母亲和父亲的教养方式对依恋分数没有显着影响，唯一的例外是需要批准的父亲虐待和母亲对关系的过度保护以及次要的关系。分裂和压抑作为不安全依恋的回避维度的特征出现，而依恋的焦虑维度显示出与投射和幻想的关联。结果支持这样的假设，即不成熟的防御与成年人的不安全依恋相关，并且特定的防御配置与依恋的回避和焦虑成分有关。