A naturalistic sample of N = 17 trainee therapists treating N = 30 patients in a psychodynamic doctoral training program was evaluated from a discovery-oriented perspective, inspired by the task analytic work of Jeremy D. Safran. A number of research results support the efficacy of integrative treatments, such as Safran’s metatherapeutic approach to working with patient–therapist intersubjective experience (Safran & Muran, 2000), highlighting therapist responsiveness to patient needs rather than strict adherence to manualized protocols as predictors of overall outcome (e.g., Katz et al., 2019; Owen & Hilsenroth, 2014). This study of early treatment sessions tested competing hypotheses that the trainee therapists would either demonstrate therapeutic processes consistent with the program’s psychodynamic training model or evidence of the “smuggling hypothesis” (Ablon & Jones, 1998), a psychodynamic therapist’s tendency to borrow prototypical cognitive–behavioral processes and interventions found in a naturalistic sample of experienced self-identified psychodynamic clinicians (Ablon, Levy, & Katzenstein, 2006). Results using the Psychotherapy Process Q-Set (Jones, 2000) suggested that treatment-as-usual for the sample of trainees was more consistent with a cognitive–behavioral therapy ideal prototype, supporting the latter prediction. Trainee therapists also demonstrated the ability to help their patients reduce self-reported symptoms within the first 3 months of psychotherapy and alliance significantly predicated reliable change, consistent with the broader psychotherapy research literature. Implications of the findings for psychotherapy training are discussed.

中文翻译：

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受训者早期课程的特点：向 Jeremy D. Safran 致敬的自然过程-结果研究。

受 Jeremy D. Safran 的任务分析工作启发，从面向发现的角度评估了 N = 17 名实习治疗师在心理动力学博士培训计划中治疗 N = 30 名患者的自然样本。许多研究结果支持综合治疗的有效性，例如 Safran 的元治疗方法与患者 - 治疗师的主体间体验合作（Safran & Muran，2000），强调治疗师对患者需求的反应，而不是严格遵守手动方案作为整体的预测指标结果（例如，Katz 等人，2019 年；Owen 和 Hilsenroth，2014 年）。这项对早期治疗课程的研究测试了相互竞争的假设，即受训治疗师要么展示与该计划的心理动力学训练模型一致的治疗过程，要么证明“走私假说”（Ablon & Jones，1998），心理动力学治疗师倾向于借用原型认知——在经验丰富的自我认同心理动力学临床医生的自然主义样本中发现的行为过程和干预措施（Ablon、Levy 和 Katzenstein，2006 年）。使用心理治疗过程 Q-Set (Jones, 2000) 的结果表明，对受训者样本的照常治疗更符合认知行为治疗的理想原型，支持后一种预测。实习治疗师还展示了在心理治疗的前 3 个月内帮助患者减少自我报告症状的能力，并且联盟显着预测了可靠的变化，与更广泛的心理治疗研究文献一致。讨论了这些发现对心理治疗培训的影响。