Alexander Luria played a prominent role in the psychoanalytic community that flourished briefly in Soviet Russia in the decade following the 1917 October Revolution. In 1925 he co-wrote an introduction to Sigmund Freud's Beyond the Pleasure Principle with Lev Vygotsky, which argued that the conservatism of the instincts that Freud described might be overcome through the kind of radical social transformation then taking place in Russia. In attempting to bypass the backward looking aspects of Freud's theory, however, Luria and Vygotsky also did away with the tension between Eros and the death drive; precisely the element of Freud's essay they praised for being ‘dialectical’. This article theoretically unpicks Luria and Vygotsky's critique of psychoanalysis. It concludes by considering their optimistic ideological argument against the death drive with Luria's contemporaneous psychological research findings, proposing that Freud's ostensibly conservative theory may not have been as antithetical to revolutiona...

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“超越享乐原则的国家”：亚历山大·卢里亚（Alexander Luria），苏联和苏联的死亡驱动力和辩证法，1917-1930年

亚历山大·卢里亚（Alexander Luria）在精神分析界中发挥了重要作用，在1917年10月革命后的十年中，这个社会分析界在苏维埃俄罗斯曾一度蓬勃发展。1925年，他与列夫·维果茨基（Lev Vygotsky）共同撰写了西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（Sigmund Freud）的《超越快乐原则》的介绍，该书认为，可以通过当时在俄罗斯发生的那种激进的社会变革来克服弗洛伊德描述的本能的保守主义。然而，在试图绕开弗洛伊德理论的后向视角时，卢里亚（Luria）和维果斯基（Vygotsky）也消除了爱神（Eros）与死亡驱动力之间的紧张关系。他们称赞弗洛伊德论文的元素是“辩证性的”。本文从理论上讲解了Luria和Vygotsky对心理分析的批评。