This study analyzes 131 police–citizen interactions observed during Fall 2016 and coded through systematic social observation. We assessed how often officers use de-escalation tactics, factors associated with their use, and the relationship between de-escalation and calm citizen demeanor. We found officers frequently employed de-escalation tactics, including the “respect” tactic of treating citizens in a respectful manner, the “human” tactic of getting on the citizen’s level and reducing power imbalances, and the “honest” tactic of being up front about the facts of the situation. Officers were more influenced by citizen demeanor than demographics in their use of de-escalation. The use of several tactics, including “human” (reducing the power differential between the cop and the citizen) and “calm” (the officer making an effort to control his or her own emotions), was associated with calm citizen demeanor. Directions for future research on this important topic are offered.

中文翻译：

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警察降职策略的系统性社会观察研究

这项研究分析了2016年秋季观察到的131名警察与市民的互动，并通过系统的社会观察进行了编码。我们评估了官员使用降级策略的频率，与使用降级策略相关的因素以及降级与冷静的公民举止之间的关系。我们发现，军官经常采用降级策略，包括以尊重的方式对待公民的“尊重”策略，在公民水平上取得进步并减少权力失衡的“人性”策略以及在事前准备的“诚实”策略。关于情况的事实。在使用降级措施时，与人口相比，官员受公民风度的影响更大。使用几种策略，包括“人”（减少警察和公民之间的权力差异）和“镇静”（努力控制自己情绪的军官）与平静的公民举止有关。提供了有关此重要主题的未来研究方向。