Lundqvist, Carlsson, Hilmersson, and Juslin (2009) presented evidence of differential autonomic emotional responses to “happy” and “sad” music in healthy adult listeners. The present study sought to replicate and extend these findings by employing a similar research design and measurement instruments. Therefore, we used instrumental film music instead of vocal music, and assessed listeners’ music expertise. The present results show similarities and differences in patterns of psychological and physiological responses as compared to the previous work. Happy music evoked more happiness, higher skin conductance level, higher respiratory rate, and more zygomatic facial muscle activity than sad music, whereas sad music generated higher corrugator muscle activity than happy music. Influences of music sophistication as well as of sex were negligible. Taken together, these results further support the hypothesis that music induces differential autonomic emotional responses in healthy listeners. They also highlight the importance of replication or multi-site studies to strengthen the empirical basis of fundamental issues in music psychological research.

中文翻译：

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对“快乐”和“悲伤”音乐的心理生理反应

Lundqvist，Carlsson，Hilmersson和Juslin（2009）提出了健康成人听众对“快乐”和“悲伤”音乐有不同的自主情绪反应的证据。本研究试图通过采用类似的研究设计和测量工具来复制和扩展这些发现。因此，我们使用器乐电影而非声乐，并评估了听众的音乐专业知识。目前的结果表明，与以前的工作相比，心理和生理反应的模式有异同。与悲伤的音乐相比，快乐的音乐可以带来更多的幸福感，更高的皮肤传导水平，更高的呼吸频率和更多的肌功能，而悲伤的音乐可以产生比开心音乐更高的波纹肌活动。音乐复杂性和性别的影响可以忽略不计。综上所述，这些结果进一步支持了这样的假设，即音乐在健康的听众中诱导出不同的自主性情绪反应。他们还强调了复制或多站点研究对于加强音乐心理学研究中基本问题的经验基础的重要性。